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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Explore the vital processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, how autotrophs and heterotrophs obtain food, the role of chloroplasts and mitochondria, and the significance of ATP in energy production. Gain insights into the chemical reactions and energy conversion happening in plant and animal cells.

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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

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  1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

  2. Two ways to get food • “troph” = food • Autotrophs • Auto = self • Autotrophs make their own food • Heterotrophs • Hetero = different • Heterotrophs get their food from something else (they have to eat it)

  3. Two ways to get food • Autotrophs • Plants • Heterotrophs • Animals

  4. Photosynthesis

  5. Photosynthesis • Converts the sun’s energy into chemical energy stored in sugar • Takes place in specialized structures inside plant cells called chloroplasts • Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs sunlight.

  6. Photosynthesis Reaction • 6CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 • The food plants make is called glucose (sugar)

  7. Photosynthesis • 2 different reactions • Light Reactions • Capture light energy for photosynthesis • Calvin Cycle • Produces glucose sugar

  8. Cellular Respiration Breathing Cells

  9. Cellular Respiration • Happens in both plant and animal cells • Overall Reaction: • C6H12O6 + 6O2→ 6CO2 + 6H2O

  10. Cellular Respiration Overview • Depends on whether or not there is oxygen • Aero = oxygen • Aerobic Respiration – makes energy • Anaerobic Respiration – Fermentation (makes alcohol)

  11. Step 1: Glycolysis • The energy that cells make and use is called ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Glycolysis makes 2 molecules of ATP (energy) • Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm of the cell

  12. Step 2: Check for Oxygen • If oxygen is present, the cell can make more ATP • If no oxygen is present, the cell has to recycle the pieces from glycolysis and makes alcohol.

  13. Step 3 with oxygen:Cellular Respiration • Oxygen required=aerobic • 2 more sets of reactions which occur the cell’s mitochondria • 1. Kreb’s Cycle – makes 2 ATP • Also called the Citric Acid Cycle • 2. Electron Transport Chain – makes 32-34 ATP

  14. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  15. Step 3 without oxygen: Fermentation • The cell must recycle the materials from glycolysis. • This recycling process is called fermentation. • The product of fermentation is alcohol.

  16. Energy Tally • 36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Kreb’s 2 ATP • Electron Transport 32 ATP 36 ATP • Anaerobic organisms can’t be too energetic but are important for global recycling of carbon

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