Facility Services: Overview and Strategic Direction Kathy Dudley, Deputy Secretary of Facility Operations

1. Facility Services: Overview and Strategic Direction Kathy Dudley, Deputy Secretary of Facility Operations Martin Pharr, Ph.D., Deputy Secretary of Clinical and Educational Services William Lassiter, Director of Communications

2. Presentation Objectives Overview of • Detention Services • Transportation Services • Youth Development Centers • Treatment and Education • Recommendations

3. Detention Overview

4. Detention Services Provide secure custody for juveniles who are ordered by the court to be detained: Pending an adjudication hearing Felony offense is alleged Offense that includes assault is alleged Runaway from home (up to 24 hours to facilitate return to the parent)

5. Detention Services • After adjudication • Pending disposition • Pending placement as part of a disposition • As a dispositional option (confinement as a sanction) • After transfer to superior court, awaiting trial • Absconders from other states through Interstate Compact.

6. Detention Services • Young people in secure custody must have hearings to determine the need for continued custody. • Five days after the initial admission • Intervals of 10 days during on-going detention

7. Detention History Established statewide in response to federal legislation mandating that juvenile and adult offenders be separated. By 1980 there were 7 county juvenile detention centers in NC. 1 state run regional detention center. Juveniles in other counties were detained in local jails. As of July 1 1983, all juveniles had to be housed in juvenile detention centers.

8. Map of current detention centers

9. Detention Services Education Mental health screenings Physical health screenings Recreation Chaplaincy services Psycho-educational groups Substance abuse services

10. Detention Admission Process Juvenile admission can occur 24-hours a day any day of the year. Inventorying of personal items Strip search for contraband Shower Mental health/suicide screening Physical health screening Orientation

11. Schedule • Breakfast • Cleaning of rooms • Class • Lunch • Class • Recreation • Quiet time • Supper • Showers • Groups, counseling, activities with volunteers • Visitation/phone calls • Free time with books, games, activities • Bedtime starting at 8:00 PM by Levels

12. Detention Admissions: CY 2002 – CY 2008Approximately 5,000 distinct juveniles per year are admitted to detention. These numbers reflect admissions to State and County facilities.

13. Transportation Services

14. Transportation Services • With mandated hearings, transportation to and from court • Medical appointments • Mental Health Appointments • Transfer youth between centers for population management • Transfer committed youth to Youth Development Centers

15. Youth Development Centers

16. History

17. Children received the punishment of an adult and were imprisoned with adults. Incarceration became favored over other forms of punishments, and juvenile offenders were often confined in the state penitentiary Concerns arose about confining children with adult offenders History: Nineteenth Century

18. Between 1869 and 1909, NC’s Governors pardoned more than 150 youth from adult prisons. History: Nineteenth Century

19. History: Twentieth Century In 1907, legislation authorized the first juvenile training school, Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School, which opened in 1909.

20. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • 1919: Juvenile Justice Statute • 1943: State Board of Juvenile Correction created by N. C. Legislature to oversee the operation of the four existing training schools. • 1972 Training schools were placed under the authority of the NCDOC.

21. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • 1975: Responsibility for the operation of training schools was shifted to the state Department of Human Resources – Division of Youth Services. • 1978: House Bill 456 was enacted, requiring the removal of status offenders from training schools.

22. History: Twentieth Century: Continued 1980: Juvenile code revisions were enacted that had major impact on the Division of Youth Services’ training schools: • Allowed only juveniles who had committed a crime to be committed to training school, and then only after all community resources had been exhausted • A complete assessment of each child committed to DYS with in the first fifteen days of admission

23. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • 1980: Juvenile code revisions • Establishment of definite commitments • Stipulation that only physical custody was transferred to DYS, keeping legal custody in whom it was vested-the parents, guardian, agency, or institution. • Mandate for a uniform statewide treatment program

24. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • 1980’s: DYS implemented the Mainstream Program designed to move from an overriding emphasis on custody and security toward a balance between protection of youth and community and provision of appropriate therapeutic services.

25. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • Mainstream addressed treatment goals and objectives pertaining to a juvenile’s physical, psychological, and spiritual health; educational and vocational opportunities; custody; and socialization.

26. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • 1990s: A competency based treatment model was implemented in the training schools Specialized programming was added for substance abusers, aggressive/violent youth, and sexual offenders

27. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • 1997: Commission established to review juvenile code Commission’s recommendations formed the basis for the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 1998 • 1999: Office of Juvenile Justice created, combining Division of Youth Services from DHHS and Juvenile Services Division from AOC.

28. History: Twentieth Century: Continued • 2000: General Assembly creates cabinet level Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Comprehensive assessment and needs-based treatment programming re-emphasized resulting in expanded treatment options

29. History: Twenty-First Century 2003: Performance audit by State Auditor’s office reveals need for new facilities due to outdated, unsafe condition of current facilities.

30. History: Twenty-First Century: Continued • 2003: Construction of five new facilities approved by General Assembly. • 2006: Four facilities conduct groundbreaking ceremonies. • 2008: Four new facilities open

32. Commitment Status Level III Disposition-Most restrictive option Serious, Violent or Chronic offenders Committed to the Department for 24 hour supervision, control and treatment Minimum of 6 months in Commitment status

33. Commitment Status Maximum commitment until 90 days prior to 18th, 19th or 21st birthday Followed by Post-release Supervision Commitment period based on treatment needs of the juvenile and public safety

34. Youth Development CenterService Domains Medical services Education services Nutrition Services Mental Health Services Chaplaincy services Social work services Recreation services Habilitation services Family services

35. Youth Development Centers Process Evidence-based assessment Individualized service planning Community reintegration MH/SA treatment Medical treatment Education - PEP/IEP Interpersonal skill building Pro-social value development Vocational skill development

36. Youth Development Centers Service planning Team Membership Juvenile Parent/guardian Court counselor YDC staff Community stakeholders Meeting Schedule At least once every 30 days Coordinated by the juvenile’s assigned social worker

37. Youth Development CenterService Delivery Evidence based interventions (eg. CBT, MET, ART) Community placements as appropriate Development of specialized programming Complex trauma treatment Sex offender treatment Vocational training Aggressive/violent youth

38. New YDCs opened in 2008 • Edgecombe, Lenoir, Chatham, and Cabarrus • Self Contained 8 Bed Units • Design requires a high staff to student ratio for security • Small Living/Learning Groups • Security Features • Staff ratio lends itself to • intensive programming

39. YDC Commitment Trends and Rate:CY 1998-2008Rate = YDC Commitments per 1,000 juveniles age 10-17.

40. Age of Committed Juveniles

41. Needs for 16 and 17 year olds

42. Detention Recommendations Increase Alternatives to Detention Detention screening tools GPS monitoring Shelter Care Day Reporting Centers/Structured Day Programs

43. Detention Recommendations Review use of intermittent confinement, use of detention as a sanction Video capability for some hearings Without increasing alternatives to detention the Department estimates there would be a need for an additional 800 beds to accommodate 16 and 17 year olds.

44. Transportation Recommendations • Legal workgroup review responsibilities for transporting of youth to and from detention • Additional vehicles and personnel would be required

45. Youth Development Centers Needs for 16 and 17 year olds 480 additional beds and appropriate staff during transition 100 beds could utilized through additional staffing A new facility design that provides for safety, security, and flexibility in programming Increased vocational education and employment opportunities

46. Youth Development Centers Needs for 16 and 17 year olds Transitional services Housing Access to healthcare Structured activities Employment opportunities Staff training, training, training, training

47. Youth Development Centers Needs for 16 and 17 year olds Expanded specialized treatment Complex trauma Sex offender Substance abuse Increase our assessment/orientation capabilities Parenting skill training Gender responsive programming