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Comprehensive Study Guide on Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Their Chemical Reactions

This detailed guide covers the physical properties, acidity, preparation methods, and reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives. Learn about key metabolites, oxidation processes, hydrolysis, nucleophilic addition, and relative reactivity of acyl compounds. Understand the preparation and reactions of acyl chlorides, carboxylic anhydrides, esters, amides, and chemical tests for carboxylic acids.

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Comprehensive Study Guide on Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Their Chemical Reactions

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  1. Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives Chapters 18

  2. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

  3. Physical Properties

  4. Acidity Problem 18.3 Page 818

  5. Dicarboxylic Acids * * *Key metabolites in the Krebs Cycle

  6. Carboxylic Acid Preparation • Oxidation of alkenes • Oxidation of aldehydes • Oxidation of 10 alcohols • Other Methods • Oxidation of other compounds • Hydrolysis of cyanohydrins and other nitriles • Carbonation of Grignard reagents

  7. Nucleophilic Addition • Aldehyde / Ketone

  8. Nucleophilic Addition - Elimination • Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives • Nucleophilic Attack • Leaving group departs • Neutralization / Stabilization

  9. Relative Reactivity of Acyl Compounds • Weaker the base the better the leaving group

  10. Acyl Chloride Preparation Reactions

  11. Carboxylic Anhydrides

  12. Nucleophilic Addition - Elimination • Esterification (Acid Catalyzed)

  13. Base-Promoted Ester Hydrolysis

  14. Nucleophilic Addition - Elimination • Synthesis of Amides

  15. Nucleophilic Addition - Elimination • Base hydrolysis of an amide

  16. Nucleophilic Addition - Elimination • Acid hydrolysis of an amide

  17. Nucleophilic Addition - Elimination • Acid hydrolysis of an amide

  18. Carboxylic Acid - Chemical Test • Acid test with blue litmus • Dissolved in aqueous sodium bicarbonate evolve carbon dioxide • Decarboxylation

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