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Greece: The Beginnings of Western Civilization

Greece: The Beginnings of Western Civilization. Impact of Geography. How did geography affect the development of Greece? In central & southern Greece, no one lives more than 40 miles from the sea. Plato wrote: Like frogs around a pond, we have settled around the shores of the sea.

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Greece: The Beginnings of Western Civilization

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  1. Greece: The Beginnings of Western Civilization

  2. Impact of Geography • How did geography affect the development of Greece? • In central & southern Greece, no one lives more than 40 miles from the sea. Plato wrote: Like frogs around a pond, we have settled around the shores of the sea.

  3. Pindus Mts.

  4. Pindus Mountains at Delphi

  5. Olive Groves

  6. Delphi

  7. Mt. Olympus: Home for the Gods?

  8. Gulf of Corinth

  9. Acropolis(Parthenon)

  10. Athens’ Acropolis

  11. Athens: Past Meets Present

  12. Agora at Base of Acropolis

  13. Agora

  14. Acropolis and Agora

  15. Minoans

  16. Santorini(Atlantis?)

  17. Cliffs at Thira

  18. The Kaldeira

  19. Fisherman & Boxers at Akrotiri

  20. Palace of Knossos

  21. Labyrinth

  22. Bull Leaping

  23. Bull Vase

  24. Linear B

  25. Mycenae

  26. Lion’s Gate

  27. Grave Coverings for Infantby Schliemann

  28. Mask ofAgamemnon

  29. A Wall of Troy (Ilium)

  30. SW Gate of Troy

  31. Excavation of Troy

  32. The Tyrants Draco Solon Cleisthenes

  33. Vase tells story of Pisistratus fighting for Athenian Democracy

  34. Persian Wars

  35. Marathon Means Fennel?

  36. Persian Wars • Herodotus wrote History of the Persian Wars • Wars began in Ionia about 520 BCE • Persians conquered the area • Greeks eventually revolted with help of Athens • Darius put down revolt and vows revenge on Athenians

  37. 490 BCE Persian fleet landed at Marathon • Athenians won • Sent Pheidippides back to Athens with message • 10 years later son Xerxes attacks • Greeks lost at Thermopylae “Hot Gates” but Spartan king Leonidas and 300 soldiers fought to last man

  38. Battle of Salamis – naval battle won by Athens • Battle of Plataea – Spartans beat the remains of Persian army • After war Athens took all the glory became leader of Delian League

  39. Age of Pericles • Greek culture reaches peak – advances in art and sciences • Pericles – Athenian general determined to rebuild Athens • Has Parthenon built. Hires Phidias to sculpt statue of Athena • Makes a number of contributions to ATHENS

  40. Peloponnesian War 431-404 BCE • Thucydides wrote History of the Peloponnesian Wars • Began as a competition for allies • Spart and Atens went to war – fought off and on for 27 years • Plague swept through Athens killing ¼ of the population (including Pericles) • 4ll BCE Athens suffered internal revolt

  41. Persians helped Spartans and they defeated Athens in 405 BCE • Consequences of the war: weakened all Greek city-states. Destruction of resources, inept governments. Left vulnerable to invasion

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