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5.1 All organisms are composed of cells

5.1 All organisms are composed of cells. 3 main features: plasma membrane nucleus or nucleoid cytoplasm. amoeba. neuron. sperm & egg. skeletal muscle. The plasma membrane surrounds all cells. bilayer fluid mosaic Singer, Nicolson 1972. Genetic Information. DNA.

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5.1 All organisms are composed of cells

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  1. 5.1 All organisms are composed of cells 3 main features: plasma membrane nucleus or nucleoid cytoplasm amoeba neuron sperm & egg skeletal muscle

  2. The plasma membrane surrounds all cells bilayer fluid mosaic Singer, Nicolson 1972

  3. Genetic Information DNA eukaryotes Nucleus chromosome during cell division nucleoid prokaryotes plasmids

  4. Cell Theory Cells are the unit of structure and function Cells reproduce cells

  5. Why are cells small? The membrane (surface) must allow for sufficient & rapid exchange to support the cell contents As an object increases in size its volume increases as the cube (x3)of its diameter while surface areaincreases as the square (y2) 25 25 25

  6. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Features in common Unique to eukaryotes, organelles allow for division of labor large & complex organelles, chromosomes cytoskeleton 1.5bya small & simple ribosomes, nucleoid peptidoglycan wall 3.5bya

  7. Prokaryotes: so what? Decomposition nutrition disease sewage treatment digestion soil contamination clean up nutrient recycling symbiosis normal flora Energy transformers history of life genetic engineering human health

  8. 6.1 The plasma membrane is built of PRIMARILY OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS Charged phosphate creates a polar ‘head’ H-C tails are hydrophobic

  9. In solution, phospholipid molecules arrange with tails away from water (in cytoplasm and in the environment) and towards each other A barrier to charged ions and polar molecules

  10. Other molecules are interspersed in the bilayer, creating a mosaic

  11. 6.2 Membrane protein types/functions move molecules across membrane stability facilitate rxns i.e. channels carriers, porins membrane stability relay information in/out of cell Also: markers on cell surface

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