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5.1 All organisms are composed of cells

5.1 All organisms are composed of cells. 3 main features: plasma membrane nucleus or nucleoid cytoplasm. amoeba. neuron. sperm & egg. skeletal muscle. A plasma membrane surrounds all cells. bilayer fluid mosaic Singer, Nicolson 1972. Genetic Information. DNA.

jesse-hendrix
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5.1 All organisms are composed of cells

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  1. 5.1 All organisms are composed of cells 3 main features: plasma membrane nucleus or nucleoid cytoplasm amoeba neuron sperm & egg skeletal muscle

  2. A plasma membrane surrounds all cells bilayer fluid mosaic Singer, Nicolson 1972

  3. Genetic Information DNA eukaryotes prokaryotes DNA as chromosomes during cell division nucleoid plasmids 1 Circular chromosomal DNA 2 Extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA

  4. Cell Discovery/Theory cells from cells cells are the unit of structure and function cell walls of cork ‘little animicules’

  5. Why are cells small? The membrane (surface) must allow for sufficient & rapid exchange to support the cell contents As an object increases in size… Volumeincreases as the cube (x3) of its diameter while surface areaincreases as the square (y2) 25 25 25

  6. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Features in common Unique to eukaryotes, organelles allow for division of labor large & complex organelles, chromosomes cytoskeleton 1.5bya small & simple ribosomes, nucleoid peptidoglycan wall 3.5bya

  7. Prokaryotes: so what? Decomposition nutrition disease sewage treatment digestion soil contamination clean up nutrient recycling symbiosis normal flora Energy transformers history of life genetic engineering human health

  8. The Plasma Membrane is built primarily of Phospholipids Charged phosphate creates a polar ‘head’ H-C tails are non-polar, hydrophobic An amphipathic molecule

  9. Phospholipid molecules self-organize, tails avoiding water of both the cytoplasm and the environment creates a bilayer tails a barrier to charged ions and polar molecules

  10. Membrane proteins move molecules across membrane stability facilitate rxns bind cells tightly together keeps molecules from ‘escaping’ from tissues channels, carriers, aquaporins relay information in/out of cell TIGHT JUNCTIONS

  11. Membrane as Mosaic Steroids – cholesterol in animal cells – modify the fluidity of the membrane so it stays intact at both warm and cold temperatures. Glycoprotiens and glycolipids function in cell to cell attachment, recognition, and cell signaling

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