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PATTERNS OF RECRUITMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFOULING AT EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE FACILITIES

PATTERNS OF RECRUITMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFOULING AT EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE FACILITIES. Simone Dürr ,

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PATTERNS OF RECRUITMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFOULING AT EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE FACILITIES

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  1. PATTERNS OF RECRUITMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFOULING AT EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE FACILITIES Simone Dürr, J. Thomason, D. Watson, D. Beaz, E. Bergtun, R. Breur, J. Cebria, J. Davenport, D. Fowler, C. Hough, J. Icely, A. Lane, J. Maguire, A. Manjua, M. Marhuenda, K. Maroni, J. McElwee, H. Mortensen, D. Murphy, J. Murphy, J. Newman, A. Pereira, J. Power, S. Prieto, J. Watters, P. Willemsen School of Biology University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

  2. CRAB • CRAB: Collective Research in Aquaculture Biofouling • Objective: non-toxic antifouling strategies for the European Aquaculture Industry www.crabproject.com

  3. Pan-European Fouling Baseline at Aquaculture Facilities • Biofouling Pressure: • Defining the problem: Type, Extent, Timing of Biofouling at European Aquaculture Sites • Benchmark antifouling strategy performance • Prediction for applicability of CRAB tested antifouling strategies at other sites

  4. Baseline Study in CRAB • 2 Experiments conducted directly at farm sites • Recruitment • Succession • Start of experiments at 11 aquaculture sites in Europe in Feb ‘05 • Ongoing work • Preliminary results presented • End of experiments in May ‘07

  5. Experimental Set-up (centrally, UNC) • Recruitment: n=10 • Succession: n=50, reduction by 10 every 6 months • Depth 2 m Settlement panel, 20x20 cm², PVC

  6. Baseline Assessment (industry workers) • Monthly • Digital photography • Wetweight • Height of fouling

  7. Image and Data analysis (centrally, UNC) • Image analysis of digital photos using Image J and stereological principles • Calculation of total cover, diversity H’ (Shannon Index), number of species S • Statistical analysis: • ANOVA • ANOSIM • SIMPER

  8. Results • Presented here • Recruitment: Present/Absent data of the major fouling groups for 11 sites for 1 year • Succession: communities of all sites as MDS plot for 4 assessments • Wetweight: end of fouling season in Nov

  9. Recruitment Algae September 05 November 05 December 05 March 05 January 06 Feb 05 October 05 August 05 April 05 June 05 July 05 May 05 Barnacles Mussels Tubeworms Ascidians Hydroids

  10. Developing Communities in May ’05 ANOSIM Global R: 0.802

  11. Developing Communities in August ’05 ANOSIM Global R: 0.993

  12. Developing Communities in November ’05 ANOSIM Global R: 0.907

  13. Developing Communities in February ‘06 ANOSIM Global R: 0.959

  14. Developing Communities Wetweight Nov ‘05 B C D A A E 20x20 cm² panel F = 277.85 p < 0.0001 N S

  15. - Diatoms/algae recruiting all year at most sites(not at northern sites) - Hydroids at many sites • Calcareous tubeworms at Irish Sites in late spring and summer • Mediterranean Site from summer to autumn • Ascidians at Southern Sites from April, some in winter • At British Isles Sites in summer and winter - Mussels at N-Norway in summer - at Irish Sites in late spring and summer - Barnacles recruit almost all year round at intertidal site - 1 spatfall at some sites - 2 spatfalls in N-Norway Conclusions Recruitment

  16. After 6 months - 2 Irish and N-Norway Site - Blue Mussels 9 months - all Irish Sites – Blue Mussels Change in N-Norway After 6 months - Scottish Site –tunicates N-Norway later Northern Sites - first Ectocarpus sp - Stays on in S-Norway Southern Sites – all year - soft-tube forming amphipods and polychaetes Southern Intertidal Site - diatoms first - then crustose coralline red algae Conclusions Succession

  17. Conclusions 1st year • Fouling on short-term immersed equipment, infrastructure or stock is different from long-term immersed • Weight of fouling as problem for equipment and infrastructure depends on dominant fouling species at site • Site and duration of immersion is important when choosing an antifouling strategy • Need 2nd year results for confirmation and to complete picture

  18. Acknowledgements • Thanks for the enthusiasm and effort of the CRAB SMEs; without their help this study would not be possible • Financed by EC contract COLL-CT-2003-500536-CRAB (Collective Research, FP6) • www.crabproject.com • Contact: s.t.duerr@ncl.ac.uk

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