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Anatomy & Physiology I Unit 8: Muscular System Review

Anatomy & Physiology I Unit 8: Muscular System Review. Did you know that ?. - more than 50% of body weight is muscle !. Skeletal. Cardiac. Smooth. Three types of muscle. Voluntary. Involuntary. Viscera. Limbs. Heart. Non-striated. Striated. Classification of muscle. Skeletal.

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Anatomy & Physiology I Unit 8: Muscular System Review

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  1. Anatomy & Physiology IUnit 8: Muscular System Review

  2. Did you know that ? - more than 50% of body weight is muscle !

  3. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Three types of muscle

  4. Voluntary Involuntary Viscera Limbs Heart Non-striated Striated Classification of muscle Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Note: Control, Location and Structure

  5. Skeletal muscle • Large muscles • Maintain posture • Facilitate locomotion • Move jointed bones • Found in antagonistic pairs • Joined to bones by tendons

  6. Structure of skeletal muscle • Each cell (fibre) is long and cylindrical • Muscle fibres are multi-nucleated • Typically 50-60mm in diameter, and up to 10cm long • The contractile elements ofskeletal muscle cells aremyofibrils

  7. Skeletal muscle - Summary • Voluntary movement of skeletal parts • Spans joints and attached to skeleton • Multi-nucleated, striated, cylindrical fibres

  8. Cardiac muscle • Main muscle of heart • Pumping mass of heart • Critical in humans • Heart muscle cells behave as one unit • Heart always contracts to it’s full extent

  9. Structure of cardiac muscle • Cardiac muscle cells (fibres) are short, branched and interconnected • Cells are striated & multi-nucleated • Adjacent cardiac cells joined via electrical synapses (gap junctions) • These gap junctions appear as dark lines when viewed under LM, and are called intercalated discs

  10. Cardiac muscle - Summary • Found in the heart • Involuntary rhythmic contraction • Branched, striated fibre with single nucleus and intercalated discs

  11. Smooth muscle • Lines walls of viscera • Found in longitudinal or circular arrangement • Alternate contraction of circular & longitudinal muscle in the intestine leads to peristalsis

  12. Structure of smooth muscle • Spindle shaped uni-nucleated cells • Striations not observed • Actin and myosin filaments are present • Ratio of thin-to-thick filaments is 16:1 (in striated muscle this is 2:1) • Myosin filaments are attached todense bodies at the end of eachcell

  13. Smooth muscle - Summary • Found in walls of hollow internal organs • Involuntary movement of internal organs • Elongated, spindle shaped fibre with single nucleus

  14. Type of muscle Nervouscontrol Type of control Example Controlled by CNS Voluntary Lifting a glass Regulated by ANS Involuntary Heart beating Controlled by ANS Involuntary Peristalsis Muscle Control Skeletal Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

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