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English Language Arts Level 7 #37 Ms. Walker

English Language Arts Level 7 #37 Ms. Walker. Today ’ s Objectives. Latin Root Words Using Commas, Semicolons and Colons Idiom of the Day. Latin Root Words. lingu - language, tongue linguist – one who studies languages;

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English Language Arts Level 7 #37 Ms. Walker

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  1. English Language ArtsLevel 7 #37Ms. Walker

  2. Today’s Objectives • Latin Root Words • Using Commas, Semicolons and Colons • Idiom of the Day

  3. Latin Root Words • lingu - language, tongue linguist – one who studies languages; • lip/o - fat - liposuction – the removal of fat reserves in the tissue;  

  4. Latin Root Words • lite, ite, lith/o - mineral, rock, fossil apatite – a group of common minerals; • log/o - word, doctrine, discourse - logic – correct reasoning;

  5. Latin Root Words • loc – place - location – a place;  relocate – to move to a new place. • loqu, locu – speak eloquently – • luc – light lucid – easily understood.

  6. Break

  7. The Comma

  8. What Is a Comma? • A comma is a punctuation mark that indicates a pause is needed in a sentence. • Commas help to clarify meaning for the reader. , Purdue University Writing Lab

  9. Commas should be used to . . • - separate items in a series of three or more. • - set off introductory phrases. • - set off appositives. • - set off nonrestrictive clauses.

  10. Commas should be used to . . • - set off parts of dates and addresses. • - set off parts of compound and complex sentences.

  11. Different Uses • When there is a list of words in a sentence • We will need hammers, nails and a saw. • Sam frightened the cat, teased the dog and annoyed the neighbours.

  12. Sentence Structure:Commas in a Series • Place commas in a sentence to divide items in a list. • The commas will help the reader to avoid confusion. Purdue University Writing Lab

  13. Sentence Structure:Commas in a Series Consider the difference in the following: Last month, Alex dated Mary Ann Lee and Kim. Last month, Alex dated Mary, Ann, Lee, and Kim. Last month, Alex dated Mary Ann, Lee, and Kim.

  14. Direct Address • Use commas to set off nouns with • a direct address. • Example: Mrs. Barnhart, I love learning grammar! I want to learn more about commas, Tracy, so I can be the best writer! Purdue University Writing Lab

  15. Sentence Structure:Appositives • An appositive is a noun or phrase that identifies the person or thing it follows. • Use commas to set off MOST appositives. • Do not use commas to set off a short appositive, such as one name. This is my friend Kara. Purdue University Writing Lab

  16. Different Uses - 3 • Commas are used to separate any extra information that is added. • The words enclosed by the commas could be left out without changing the general meaning of the sentence.

  17. Adding information • Paul Mann, our star player, broke his leg in the match on Saturday. • The man, who was wearing a blue hat, slid silently into the room.

  18. Commas in Quotations Follow the rules for dialogue punctuation. If the He saidcomes first, place the comma after said. He said, “I know Kung Fu.” Purdue University Writing Lab

  19. Commas in Quotations • If the he said comes after the quote, place the comma inside the quotation marks after the last word in the quotation. • “I’ll dance with you,” he said.

  20. Commas in Quotations • If the he said comes in the middle of the quote, place the comma inside the quotation marks after the last word in the first part of the quote and after the he said. “Put the box,” he said,“in the house.” Purdue University Writing Lab

  21. Commas • Commas can change the meaning of a sentence. • Book Title • Eats shoots and leaves. • Eats, shoots and leaves.

  22. Changing meaning 2 • The old lady collected all sorts of things: silver, paper, hats, clocks and tablecloths. • The old lady collected all sorts of things: silver paper, hats, clocks and tablecloths.

  23. Changing meaning 2 • The old lady collected all sorts of things: silver, paper hats, clocks and tablecloths.

  24. Different Uses - 2 • Commas are used to break up longer sentences into smaller parts. • When he saw the pirate ship on the horizon, the captain gave the alarm.

  25. Other Uses • To break up groups of numbers into thousands • 1,999,999 • When writing a date • February 14th, 1990 • Inside speech marks • “We are leaving tomorrow,” said Fred.

  26. Commas set off parts of addresses. • Use commas in addresses to separate the street address from the city and the city from the state or country. • The new restaurant is at 3020 Market Street,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.

  27. Commas set off parts of addresses. When an address that includes commas falls in the middle of a sentence, place a comma after the state or country. The annual gem show in Franklin,North Carolina,is world famous.

  28. Commas set off parts of dates. Use commas to separate the day of the week from the month and the day of the month from the year. I got my first job on Monday, January 28,1993.

  29. Commas set off parts of dates. When a date that includes commas falls in the middle of a sentence, place a comma after the date. August 30,2004,was our first day of school.

  30. Clauses and Phrases A phrase is a group of words that does not contain a subject or a verb that complement each other. • A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb that complement each other. Purdue University Writing Lab

  31. Clauses and Phrases Clauses and Phrases Clause: contains a subject and verb. If they form complete thoughts, we call them independent clauses. If they form incomplete thoughts, we call them dependent or subordinate clauses. Phrase: are word clusters lacking a subject and verb combination.

  32. Clause Examples 1) We collected the data. (Complete sentence with a subject and verb. This is an independent clause.) 2) While we collected the data (FRAGMENT as is even though it has a subject and verb. This is a dependent clause.) Added slide

  33. Commas with adjectives • Use commas to separate adjectives that provide an equal description of a noun. THE TEST: Can you put “and” between the adjectives? Purdue University Writing Lab

  34. Commas with adjectives big blue housethree hungry kittens a cranky, ungrateful man Can they be described in reverse order? If so, use a comma.

  35. A Common Comma Error:The Comma Splice • A comma splice is an error in which two sentences are joined by a comma. We had a nice time, I hope we can meet again soon. Purdue University Writing Lab

  36. To Correct a Comma Splice • - Insert a conjunction between the two sentences. • - Start a new sentence. • - Insert a semi-colon between the two sentences. Purdue University Writing Lab

  37. Correct the Comma Splice We had a nice time, and I hope we can meet again soon.(Connect with a conjunction.) We had a nice time. I hope we can meet again soon.(Add a period.) The Internet has revolutionized the business world(;)online sales have increased dramatically this year.

  38. , Commas Summary

  39. Use Commas to… separate items in a series of three or more. set off introductory phrases and parenthetical phrases. set off appositives. , , ,

  40. Use Commas to… set off nonrestrictive clauses. set off parts of dates and addresses. set off parts of compound and complex sentences , , ,

  41. Time to practice You will get into groups to practice/model the “varied sentence structure” possible use of commas. Write five sentences. Observe the pattern you must follow on the next slide. Added slide

  42. Time to practice • Simple sentence • Compound sentence • Commas in a series • Commas used to separate adjectives • Appositive

  43. Break

  44. The Semicolon

  45. Semicolon A semicolon is similar to a comma because it is used to make a pause. It is different from a comma because it separates items that commas cannot separate.

  46. USE A SEMICOLON • Between two complete sentences. Each sentence on either side of the semicolon must be complete with its own subject and verb. • EXAMPLE: Please open the window; it is hot in here.

  47. USE A SEMICOLON • Between two complete sentences connected by words like however, therefore, consequently, nevertheless, and then.

  48. USE A SEMICOLON • EXAMPLE: We have study guides to help students;consequently, students’ scores are reflecting an improvement.

  49. USE A SEMICOLON • Between items of a series that have internal commas. • EXAMPLE: We are thinking about moving to Omaha, Nebraska; Gainesville, Florida; or Memphis, Tennessee.

  50. 1st use of a Semicolon • The first appropriate use of the semicolon is to connect two related sentences. • Complete sentence  + ; +  complete sentence .

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