English Language Arts Level 7, Lesson #1

1. English Language ArtsLevel 7, Lesson #1

2. Introduction Reading requires a number of skills. Today’s topics are intended to enhance your speaking and reading experience.

3. Today’s Objectives Part 1 Prefixes and how they are used at the beginning of words Part 2 Learn how sentences are built Part 3 Idiom of the day

4. Part I - Prefixes Many American English words come from Greek and Latin beginnings. Today, we will discuss how Greek and Latin prefixes are used in American English words. Definition: Prefix /prē fiks/ To put or attach before or in front of…

5. Common Prefixes “anti-” (against) “co-” (together) “demos”(people) “inter-”(between among) “mis-” (wrong, bad) “post-” (after) “pre-” (before) “re-” (again, back) “sub-” (under) “trans-” (across, beyond)

6. Prefixes: “Anti-” and “Co-” Today we will learn two new prefixes: “Anti-” (against) and “Co-” (together) Some words that begin with “anti-:”anti-aging and antivirus

7. “anti-” aging Defined “anti-aging:” A term for activities intended to slow or reverse aging and extend one’s youthful appearance or life span. Example usage: The old woman used an anti-aging cream to look younger.

8. “anti-” virus Defined “antivirus:” A software program designed to defend a computer against and remove destructive viruses. Example usage: Most antivirus programs protect computers from viruses and remove any viruses that are found.

9. The Prefix “co-” The prefix “co-” at the beginning of a word means: “together,”“with,”“partner,”“assistant,”“equally” or “jointly” Words that begin with “co-:” “co-”operate, “co-” founder, “co-”exist

10. “co-”operate Defined cooperate: To act jointly; work toward the same end. Help someone or comply with their requests Example usage: Susie will cooperate with the police.

11. “co-” founder Defined cofounder: An individual who starts a new business jointly with another person or persons. Example usage: Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs were cofounders of Apple Computers.

12. “co-”exist Defined coexist: To live together at the same time or in the same place. (of nations or peoples) It also means to exist in mutual tolerance despite different ideologies or interests. Example: The peoples of America coexist in relative peace.

13. More Prefixes We will learn new prefixes to help us improve our reading. Next week you will learn to use two new prefixes: “demos-” (people) and “inter-” (between, among)

14. Assignment To prepare for next week’s prefix lesson, use the internet or a dictionary to find three words that begin with “demos-” and three words that begin with “inter-.”

15. Break

16. Part 2 -Sentence Building One of the basic foundations of good writing is understanding how to build a sentence. There will be times when we will need to communicate with others, but perhaps we are too far away to speak with them directly.

17. Sentence Building We will have to write our thoughts on paper, via email or through texting. There is a proper way to write our thoughts so that we can be understood by others.

18. Sentence Writing and Language We are learning to write sentences because they will also aid in our understanding of how words are used to speak the English language.

19. The Sentence Defined A sentence is an independent unit of grammar: it begins with a capital letter, has a subject and verb, and it ends with a period (.), question mark (?), or exclamation point. (!)

20. An Example Sentence The dog ate. This is a complete sentence because it tells what the subject is and what the subject did. “Dog” is the subject and “ate” tells what the dog did. The word “ate” is an action verb. We will discuss verbs in a future lesson.

21. Diagramming a Sentence We use a diagram to show the basic parts of a sentence and how those parts are used when we speak. Subject Verb Object

22. Diagramming a Sentence First, draw a line: Then, separate the line into three parts. Subject Verb Object

23. Parts of a Sentence The dog ate. On the line, write the subject (dog) and the verb (ate). dog ate Subject Verb

24. Let’s Add an Object to the Sentence By telling what the dog ate, we give the sentence an object. The object receives action from the verb.

25. Let’s Add an Object to the Diagram The dog ate (what?). Let’s add “the bone.” dog ate bone Here, we have the subject, verb and object on the diagram line. Subject Verb Object

26. Modifiers Give More Information The basic sentence gives information about the subject and the verb and many times, the object. Modifiers give specific information about the subject, verb and object.

27. Adding Modifiers Modifiers describe. They tell “which,”“what kind of,”“how many” or “how much about the subject or object. Add the modifiers “brown” and “old” to the sentence to tell “what kind of” dog and “what kind of” bone.

28. Example Modifiers The brown dog ate the old bone. In a diagram, the modifiers (describers) are placed below the part it describes. dog ate bone old The the brown

29. Sentence Practice Take the sentences below apart to show the three a basic parts: the subject, verb and object. 1. The princess wore a hat. 2. The bees made honey.

30. Answers 1. princess wore hat 2. bees made honey Subject Verb Object Verb Object Subject

31. Add Modifiers For sentence 1, add modifiers to show “what kind of” princess and “what kind of” hat. In sentence 2, add modifiers to show “what kind of” bees and “what kind of” honey.

32. Add Modifiers That Describe 1. princess wore hat 2. bees made honey Verb Modifier Modifier Verb Modifier Modifier

33. Example Modifiers The beautiful princess wore a pink hat. The yellow bees made delicious honey. Now let’s show the modifiers in our diagrams.

34. Add Modifiers princess wore hat bees made honey pink The a beautiful The delicious yellow

35. Some Modifiers are calledAdjectives Adjectives modify nouns. We will discuss this idea in detail in a future lesson. In the meantime, make your basic sentences more interesting by adding modifiers.

36. Assignment Diagram the four sentences below and show the subject (Tell what the sentence is about.) Show the verb (What action did the subject take in the sentence?) Show the object (What was done after the verb.)

37. Diagram the Sentences 1. The boy wrote a story. 2. The mother made cookies. 3. The girl likes candy. 4. The car made a noise.

38. Diagramming a Sentence First, draw a line: Then, separate the line into three parts. Subject Verb Object

39. Diagram the Sentences 1. The boy wrote a story. 2. The mother made cookies. Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Object

40. Diagram the Sentences 3. The girl likes candy. 4. The car made a noise. Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Object

41. Answers 1. The boy wrote a story. boy wrote story 2. The mother made cookies. mothermadecookies Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Object

42. Answers (continued) 3. The girl likes candy. girl likes candy 4. The car made a noise. car made noise Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Object

43. Practice - Add Modifiers Give more details about the subject and object by adding modifiers to describe. Put the modifiers beneath the word.

44. Answers 1. The boy wrote a story. boy wrote story 2. The mother made cookies. mothermadecookies Verb Modifier Modifier Verb Modifier Modifier

45. Answers (continued) 3. The girl likes candy. girl likes candy 4. The car made a noise. car made noise Verb Modifier Modifier Verb Modifier Modifier

46. Sentence Review We have learned to take basic sentences apart to show the subject, verb and object. We have also learned to add modifiers to make the sentence more interesting.

47. Sentence Review We will refer to the four diagrammed sentences over several grammar lessons in the future. Keep them with you for next week’s lesson.

48. Break

49. Part 3 - The Idiom Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

50. Idioms Look at the following idiom, “on the house.” Do you know what this phrase means? Does it mean that something is attached to a house? Let’s take a look.