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Biology 101 An Introduction

Biology 101 An Introduction. Living Things The Nature of Science. What is Biology?. Levels of Organization. Element – atom Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism Species Populations Communities. Why Do We Study These Things?. Assumptions in Science.

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Biology 101 An Introduction

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  1. Biology 101 An Introduction Living Things The Nature of Science

  2. What is Biology?

  3. Levels of Organization • Element – atom • Molecules • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ systems • Organism • Species • Populations • Communities

  4. Why Do We Study These Things?

  5. Assumptions in Science • Natural causality • All events are due to natural causes and are potentially within our ability to understand. • Uniformity in space and time • The laws derived from the study of nature are the same everywhere and have been the same for billions of years. • Common perception • Everyone generally perceives events similarly.

  6. The Scientific Method • Way in which scientists study things in the world. • Observation/Problem • Question • Do Background Research • Hypothesis • Null Hypothesis • Prediction • Experiment • Collect Data • Analyze Results • Conclusion sciencebuddies.org

  7. The Experiment • Variable • A factor that affects an observation/changing quantities • Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist • Dependent Variable – factor that is measured and is dependent on the independent variable • Standarized /Controlled Variables – aspects of an experiment that remain the same • Control Group • Used to rule out other possible variables • Do not receive experimental treatment

  8. Scientific Method • The results of an experiment must be able to be repeated by other researchers. • An experiment must be communicated thoroughly and accurately. • Why is this important?

  9. Scientific Theory • General explanation of important natural phenomena, based on extensive and reproducible observations. • principle or a natural law • Ex. Atomic theory (all matter is composed of atoms) • Ex. Theory of gravitation (objects exert a law of attraction for one another) • Ex. Cell theory(all living things are composed of cells) • A theory can be modified or falsified.

  10. The Theory of Spontaneous Generation - Abiogensis Francesco Redi’s Experiment – 17th century facstaff.gpc.edu

  11. Malte Andersson’s Widowbird Experiment Male long-tailed widow bird. sanparks.org Female long-tailed widowbird. 10000birds.com

  12. What Do You See? Orphrys apifera. floralimages.co.uk

  13. What Do Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish Have in Common?

  14. Biodiversity • Refers to the total number of species within a given region and the resulting interactions among them sciencelearn.org.nz www2.warwick.ac.uk

  15. 3 Domains of Life

  16. 5 Kingdoms • Eukaryotes (have membrane-bound organelles) • 1. Plants • 2. Fungi • 3. Animals • 4. Protists • Prokaryotes (lack membrane-bound organelles) • 5. Monera/Bacteria • Includes bacteria and members of archaea

  17. What is a Living Thing?

  18. Theory of Evolution • Formulated by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-1800s • States that modern organisms descended, with modification, from preexisting life-forms • Evolution - Change in the genetic makeup of a species Alfred Russel Wallace Charles Darwin

  19. The End

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