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An introduction to HKDSE Biology

An introduction to HKDSE Biology. Syllabus Basics and Important Notes. HKDSE Biology curriculum framework:. About SBA. 1. How much does SBA account for?.

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An introduction to HKDSE Biology

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  1. An introduction to HKDSE Biology Syllabus Basics and Important Notes

  2. HKDSE Biology curriculum framework:

  3. About SBA • 1 • How much does SBA account for? School-Based Assessment (SBA) is a component of the HKDSE examination, for both the Biology and Combined Science (Biology). It refers to assessments administered in schools and marked by the students’ own teachers. (a) Biology The SBA mark accounts for 20% of the final subject mark. The SBA comprises the assessment of: (1) practical related tasks which refer to students’ laboratory work and field work, and (2) non-practical related tasks (assignments).

  4. The examination and weightings • Component of HKDSE • Outline • Weighting • Duration • Public examination • Paper 1 Compulsory Part • 60% • 2.5 hours • Paper 2 Elective Part • 20% • 1 hour • School-based assessment (SBA) • Practical related tasks and non-practical related tasks (assignments) • 20% • S5–S6

  5. Starting from the 2014 HKDSE, students will be assessed on both the practical and non-practical related tasks in the SBA. The marks for practical related tasks will constitute 14% and those for non-practical related tasks will constitute 6% of the final subject mark. • Practical related tasks • Ability area • A • B • Weighting • 8% • 12% • Minimum number of assessments • S5 • 1 • 1 • S6 • 1 • 1

  6. Moderation

  7. Assignments_non-practical related tasks • uinformation searching • ureport writing • usurvey studies • ufield-studies • usite-visit reports • udesigning posters/pamphlets/web pages • uwriting articles • ubuilding models • udeveloping multimedia artefacts

  8. Curriculum emphasis and Generic skills to be demonstrated and assessed in assignment :

  9. Chapter 1 Biology: Exploring Life

  10. Biology Is the scientific study of life • Biology’s Most Exciting Era

  11. The phenomenon we call life Defies a simple, one-sentence definition Figure 1.1

  12. We recognize life By what living things do…..???

  13. Some properties of life (b) Evolutionary adaptation (a) Order (c) Response to the environment (e) Energy processing (d) Regulation (f) Growth and development (g) Reproduction Figure 1.2

  14. Concept 1.1: Biologists explore life from the microscopic to the global scale The study of life Extends from the microscope scale of molecules and cells to the global scale of the entire living planet

  15. A Hierarchy of Biological Organization The hierarchy of life Extends through many levels of biological organization

  16. From the biosphere to organisms 1 The biosphere Figure 1.3

  17. From cells to molecules 9Organelles 1 µm Cell 8Cells Atoms 10Molecules 10 µm 7Tissues 50 µm 6Organs and organ systems Figure 1.3

  18. 0 • An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a particular area • As well as the nonliving environmental components • All the living organisms in an ecosystem • Make up a community

  19. 0 • A population • Consists of a localized group of individuals of a species • An individual living entity • Is an organism

  20. 0 • The hierarchy continues downward with • Organ systems • Organs • Tissues • Cells • Organelles • Molecules

  21. 0 1.2 Living organisms and their environments form interconnecting webs • Ecosystems are characterized by the cycling of chemical nutrients from the atmosphere and soil • To producers to consumers to decomposers and back to the environment which contains both living and nonliving components

  22. ENVIRONMENT natural world: • the natural world affects an organism survival • An organism have an impact on the environment – especially human

  23. 1.2 Living organisms and their environments form interconnecting webs • Two major processes are at work in an ecosystem: • The recycling of chemical nutrients • The flow of energy

  24. EnergyConversion • Activities of life require organisms to perform work, which depends on an energy source

  25. The exchange of energy between an organism and its surroundings • Often involves the transformation of one form of energy to another

  26. Explain how the photosynthesis of plants functions in both 1. the cycling of chemical nutrients 2. the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Question

  27. Photosynthesis use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to make energy rich compounds/food, making it the pathway for nutrients and energy for most organisms. It is the basis of the entire food chain for all living organisms.

  28. Sun Air Inflow of light energy Loss of heat energy O2 CO2 CO2 Chemical energy Cycling of Chemical nutrients Consumers Producers Decomposers H2O Soil Ecosystem 0 • Energy flows one-way through an ecosystem • From the sun to producers to consumers and exits as heat Figure 1.2

  29. Explain why cells are considered the basic unit of life Question They are the lowestlevel in hierarchy of biological organization at which properties of life actually appear.

  30. The cell Is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life 25 µm Figure 1.5 A Closer Look at Cells

  31. Cells contain chromosomes made partly of DNA, the substance of genes Which program the cells’ production of proteins and transmit information from parents to offspring Sperm cell Nuclei containing DNA Embyro’s cells with copies of inherited DNA Fertilized egg with DNA from both parents Offspring with traits inherited from both parents Egg cell Figure 1.6 The Cell’s Heritable Information

  32. 0 1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of life • A cell • Is the basic unit of life that can perform all functions necessary for life including: • Regulate its internal environment • Take in and use energy • Respond to its local environment • Develop and maintain its complex organization • Divide to form new cells

  33. Two types of cells Nucleus (contains DNA) Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell DNA (no nucleus) Organelles 25,000  0 • Eukaryotic cells Contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a DNA-containing nucleus • Prokaryotic cells Lack such organelles Figure 1.3

  34. What is the chemical basis of all life’s kinship / family relationship ? Question DNA / RNA is the genetic material for all living things

  35. UNITY AND DIVERSITY in Biological world 0 1.4 The unity of life: All forms of life have common features • DNA is the genetic information • For constructing the molecules that make up cells and organisms

  36. A C T A T A C C G T A G T A 0 • Each species’ genetic instructions • Are coded in the sequences of the four building blocks making up DNA’s two helically coiled chains Figure 1.4A

  37. DNA /RNA is the genetic code for ALL living things Genetic instructions are coded in the sequences of the four building blocks making up DNA.

  38. All organisms share a common set of features Figure 1.4C Figure 1.4B 0 • Ordered structures • Regulation of internal conditions

  39. Figure 1.4D Figure 1.4E 0 • Growth and development • Energy use –nutrition and respiration • Response to environmental stimuli • The ability to reproduce and evolve

  40. 0 1.5 The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains / superkingdom • Organisms are grouped (classified) into: • the prokaryotic 2 domains: • Bacteria and Archaea • the eukaryotic domain • Eukarya

  41. SEM 3,250 SEM 25,000 Figure 1.5A Figure 1.5B 0 • Domains Bacteria and Archaea

  42. 0 • Domain Eukarya includes • Protists (protozoans and algae, falling into multiple kingdoms) • The kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Kingdom Fungi 275 Kingdom Animalia Protists (multiple kingdoms) Kingdom Plantae Figure 1.5C

  43. The threeDomains of living things on Earth

  44. 0 1.6 Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life • CharlesDarwin • Synthesized the theory of evolution by naturalselection Figure 1.6A

  45. Fossils and Comparative Anatomy 45

  46. unity and diversity in biological structures

  47. Concept Check 0 Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection.

  48. Populations with varied inherited traits 1 Elimination of individuals with certain traits 2 Reproduction of survivors 3 0 • Natural selection is an editingmechanism: • That occurs when populations or organisms, having inherited variations, are exposed to environmental factors that favor the reproductive success of some individuals over others Figure 1.6B

  49. 0 • All organisms have adaptations • That have evolved by means of natural selection Killer whale Pangolin Figure 1.6C

  50. Post-Darwin Evolution Evidence Molecular Evidence - Our increased understanding of DNA and protein structures has led to the development of more accurate evolutionary trees. 50

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