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Direct vs. Indirect Speech

Direct vs. Indirect Speech. By Carley Burke. What do you know?. Can anyone tell me the difference between direct and indirect speech?. Direct Speech. Direct speech is also referred to as quoted speech. EXAMPLE: Mary said, “I have a little lamb.”. Indirect Speech.

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Direct vs. Indirect Speech

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  1. Direct vs. Indirect Speech By Carley Burke

  2. What do you know? Can anyone tell me the difference between direct and indirect speech?

  3. Direct Speech Direct speech is also referred to as quoted speech. EXAMPLE: Mary said, “I have a little lamb.”

  4. Indirect Speech Indirect speech is commonly referred to as reported speech. EXAMPLE: Mary said she had a little lamb.

  5. CHANGES THERE ARE THREE MAIN TYPES OF CHANGES THAT MUST BE MADE WHEN GOING FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH 1. PRONOUNS 2. TIME 3. VERBS

  6. Pronoun Changes The pronouns of the Direct Speech are changed where necessary, so that their relations with the reporter and his hearer, Rather than with the original speaker are indicated.

  7. Pronouns DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH He said, “I live in New York.” They said, “We love our country.” I said, “I wrote a paper.” We said, “We have time.” He said he lived in New York. They said that they loved their country. I said that I wrote a paper. We said we had time.

  8. VERB RULE ONE If in direct speech you find say/says or will say then DO NOT CHANGE THE VERB TENSE that you can find within the quotation marks

  9. PRESENT TENSE DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH He says,” I was a fool then.” He says  he was a fool then.

  10. VERB RULE TWO If in direct speech the words within the quotation marks talk of a universal truth or habitual action then the tense inside the quotation marks is not changed at all

  11. UNIVERSAL STATEMENTS DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.” The teacher said  the sun rises in the east.

  12. VERB RULE THREE If there is 'said' in the direct speech then the  tense of the words inside quotation marks is changed to the past tense.

  13. PAST TENSE DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH He said, “I am going camping.” He said he was going camping.

  14. Time Changes Words expressing nearness in time or places are generally changed into words expressing distance.

  15. Time Direct Speech Indirect Speech EXAMPLE: He said, “I was here yesterday.” EXAMPLE: He said that he was there the day before.

  16. Time Changes • Now becomes then• Here becomes there• Ago becomes before• Thus becomes so• Today becomes that day• Tomorrow becomes the next day• Yesterday becomes the day before• Last night becomes the night before• This becomes that• These becomes those

  17. QUIZ http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/fce/students/strategy/transfrm/rspeech.htm

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