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Burst Lung

Burst Lung. We will cover. Introduction Causes Types of Burst Lung Treatment Prevention Summary. Boyle’s Law. “At a constant temperature the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume” Simply put:

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Burst Lung

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  1. Burst Lung

  2. We will cover • Introduction • Causes • Types of Burst Lung • Treatment • Prevention • Summary

  3. Boyle’s Law “At a constant temperature the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume” Simply put: If the pressure is doubled the volume is halved and if pressure is halved the volume is doubled

  4. 0 Metres 1 Bar Absolute Pressure x 2 Volume x 1/2 10 Metres 2 Bar Absolute Pressure x 3 Volume x 1/3 20 Metres 3 Bar Absolute Pressure x 4 Volume x 1/4 30 Metres 4 Bar Absolute Boyle’s Law

  5. Burst Lung • Described as: • Over-expansion and rupturing of lung alveoli with air escaping into the bloodstream or chest cavity. • Caused by: • Breath-holding during ascent from depth • Diving with a lung infection or disorder

  6. Four Types • Air Embolism • Pneumothorax • Mediastinal Emphysema • Subcutaneous Emphysema

  7. Air Embolism Bubbles in Carotid Artery leading to Brain Bubbles of Air entering the Blood Vessels Ruptured Alveoli and Blood Vessels

  8. Air Embolism Air from ruptured lung enters the bloodstream and blocks blood supply to brain • Symptoms • Bloody foam at mouth • Chest pain and coughing • Staggering, mental confusion • Paralysis • Cyanosis • Collapse & unconsciousness • Death

  9. Pneumothorax Air escaping into the Pleural cavity causes the lung to collapse

  10. Pneumothorax Air from ruptured lung enters pleural cavity and expands, thereby causing lung to collapse • Symptoms • Chest pain • Shortness of breath • Rapid shallow breathing • Cyanosis • Pain, particularly in affected side of chest

  11. Mediastinal Emphysema Air escaping into the Mediastinum causes compression of the heart and lungs

  12. Mediastinal Emphysema Air from ruptured lung enters tissue spaces in mediastinum (centre of chest) • Symptoms • Chest pain • Shortness of breath • Difficulty swallowing • Cyanosis • Shock • Crunching noise in chest

  13. Subcutaneous Emphysema Air from Mediastinum collects under skin of neck compressing the Trachea

  14. Subcutaneous Emphysema Air from ruptured lung migrates from centre of chest to gather under the skin around the neck • Symptoms • Swelling of neck area • Crackling sensation when skin of neck is moved • Changes in sound of voice • Difficulty in breathing and swallowing

  15. Treatment • Recover victim from water • 100% Oxygen • Prompt Recompression • C.P.R. (if necessary)

  16. Prevention • Breathe normally during ascent • Never hold breath while using scuba • Exhale continuously during free ascent • Never panic

  17. Summary • Burst lung primarily caused by holding breath on ascent • Symptoms are sudden and dramatic • Treatment requires immediate recompression • Administer 100% Oxygen as First Aid • Avoid burst lung by always breathing normally during ascent and never holding your breath

  18. Questions

  19. Burst lung is caused by: • Holding your breath on descent • Holding your breath on ascent? • Swimming too fast along the bottom

  20. Burst lung is caused by: • Holding your breath on descent • Holding your breath on ascent?Holding breath causes over expansion of lungs • Swimming too fast along the bottom

  21. On ascent from 30m how many times could lung volume double: • Once only • Every 10m • Twice

  22. On ascent from 30m how many times could lung volume double: • Once only • Every 10m • TwiceLung volume could double from 30m to 10m and further double from 10m to the surface

  23. How many manifestations of burst lung are there: • 3 • 4 • 5

  24. How many manifestations of burst lung are there: • 3 • 4Air Embolism, Pneumothorax, Mediastinal Emphysema and Subcutaneous Emphysema • 5

  25. Which ailment causes lung collapse: • Subcutaneous Emphysema • Air embolism • Pneumothorax

  26. Which ailment causes lung collapse: • Subcutaneous Emphysema • Air embolism • Pneumothorax

  27. The only realistic treatment for burst lung is: • Prompt recompression in a chamber • In-water recompression • Keep victim warm and active

  28. The only realistic treatment for burst lung is: • Prompt recompression in a chamber • In-water recompression • Keep victim warm and active

  29. The best way to avoid burst lung while diving is: • To descend slowly while breathing normally • To ascend at correct rate breathing normally • To stop ascent periodically to get breathing stable

  30. The best way to avoid burst lung while diving is: • To descend slowly while breathing normally • To ascend at correct rate breathing normally • To stop ascent periodically to get breathing stable

  31. The most important lesson in this lecture is: • How burst lung affects us • How we treat burst lung • Never hold your breath while scuba diving

  32. The most important lesson in this lecture is: • How burst lung affects us • How we treat burst lung • Never hold your breath while scuba diving

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