Download
1 / 42
520 likes | 1.28k Views
Vowel Transcription. What is a VOWEL?. Vowels are phonemes that are produced without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow in the vocal tract. See Table 4.1 for a description of vowel in English. Vowel articulators . Tongue – primary articulator of vowels
E N D
What is a VOWEL? Vowels are phonemes that are produced without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow in the vocal tract. See Table 4.1 for a description of vowel in English
Vowel articulators • Tongue – primary articulator of vowels • Jaw/mandible - movements • Pharynx – size and shape
Airstream • Passes through vocal cavity with virtually no obstruction by the tongue or other major articulators
Production • Vowel phonemes are categorized in relation to the position of the body of the tongue in the mouth • Tongue height – refers to how high or low in the oral cavity the tongue is when producing the vowel. • Tongue advancement – how far forward or backward in the mouth the tongue is when producing a particular vowel
Vowel Chart • Which IPA symbols go with each word????
Vowel Chart • Which IPA symbols go with each word????
Lip Configuration • Roundness • Retracted
Tenseness • Tense – usually longer in duration and require more muscular effort • Capable of ending stressed open syllables • Lax • Never end a stressed open syllable
Types of vowels • Monophones – have one primary articulatory position in the vocal tract. • Diphthongs – have two distinct articulatory positions; two vowels which comprise one • Onglide – first element of a diphthong • Offglide – second element of a diphthong • In English the offglide is produced at a higher position than the onglide
Diphthongs • // • // • // • // • //
Front vowels • /i/,//, /e/, /e/, //, //
/i/ • Highest and most fronted of all vowel • One of the point vowels • Lips retracted, • Tense – capable of ending one-syllable open words
/I/ • High vowel • Is lax • Occurs in closed syllables • Used in words with unstressed syllables ending in “y” – “crazy” or when preceding “ng” • Rhotic vowel /Ir/ “hear”
/e, e I / • High-mid vowel • Retracted • Tense • /eI / - stressed • /e I / this diphthong is an allophonic variation • /e I / Used in stressed syllables and at end of words regardless of stress
// • Known as the Epsilon • Low mid front vowel • Retracted and lax • Often occurs in front of /r/ - “hair”, “”fair”
// • Lowest of five point vowels • Retractedand lax • No monosyllable end with //
Front vowel sounds visual Front vowel sounds
Back vowels • /u/, //, //, //, //, /a
/u/ • One of the two highest vowels (together with /i/ • Considered another point/corner vowel • Rounded, tense • Found at the end of one syllable words • Is preceded by /j/ in words such as “few,music,few/
// • High vowel • Rounded and lax • No open syllable ends with // • Rhotic vowel /r/ - “tour, lure”
/o/, /o/ • High mid, rounded, tense • Like /e/, the stressed form takes a diphthong /o/, an allophone • Similar to /eI/, the /o/ is used with words that end with this sound
// • Open ‘o’ • Rounded, back, tense • Not used too much, and usually replaced by // • Rhotic vowel /r/ ‘corn, bored, foreign’
// • Low-back, retracted, tense • Point vowel • The only retracted back vowel • Many used instead of // • Rhotic vowel /r/ - bark, art
back vowel sounds visual Back vowel sounds
Central vowels • //,//, //, //, //
//, // • Schwa and turned v • Retracted and lax • Vocal tract in its most neutral configuration • // - unstressed, // stressed • Turned v usually does not occur in open syllables except for the word “the” • May be confused for //
//, // • // schwar • Rhotacization • // Rounded and lax • // Rounded and tense, the only central vowels that is tense, found at the end of one syllable words • // Produced in unstressed syllables • //Produced in stressed syllables • May be confused with other rhotic vowels -/Ir/, /r/
// • Occurs in diphthongs /I/ - ‘kite’
back vowel sounds visual Back vowel sounds
