Inner City Development

1. Inner City Development

2. 1 pengembangan lingkungan permukiman baru dan pusat kegiatan baru (new development) 2 perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas lingkungan (redevelopment, renewal, reconstruction, revitalization, regeneration)

3. definisi the older, central part of a city, often characterized by crowded, run-down, low-income neighborhoods The term inner-city is often applied to the poorer parts at the centre of a major city. In the United States and United Kingdom, the term "inner city" is sometimes used with the connotation of being an area, perhaps a ghetto, where people are less educated and wealthy and where there is more crime. These connotations are less common in other Western countries, where deprived areas may be located in outlying parts of cities. ...

4. Life cycle theory: seperti juga makhluk hidup, kota memiliki siklus hidup (life cycle) yang berjalan: lahir, berkembang, mapan dan menurun. Pemerintah kota harus tanggap terhadap setiap tahapan, sehingga dapat mengambil tindakan yang tepat. Di area pusat kota Jakarta (inner city area), beberapa kawasan hunian terencana (planned residential area) yang dibangun tahun 60-70an telah mengalami penurunan kualitas (perubahan dan pencampuran land use tak teratur, penurunan nilai ekonomi, penurunan kualitas ruang terbuka, kesemrawutan wajah bangunan dan lingkungan, polusi udara dan suara, macet, kehilangan urban life dan identitas lokal, dst) Tindakan apa yang harus dilakukan?

5. latar belakang permasalahan demographic profile changes high tech research & high quality services jobs elderly people globalization, multi ethnic & multi cultural society inner city decline change of business activities relocation industry area policy the rise of foreigner quality of life green & [total] sustainability high quality of housing city competitiveness UE & borderless phenomenon [IT] clustering development city marketing

6. Revitalization heritage, historical area Renewal Informal area, decline area Redevelopment large-scale projects (flagship project) Regeneration Renaissance

7. The goals of inner city development a. Eliminating substandard housing b. Revitalizing city economies c. Construction good housing d. Reducing de facto segregation

8. Positive impacts: a. Attract (big amount of) investments b. Generate local/urban economic growth c. Supply job opportunities d. Revive the decline of inner city area

9. Negative impacts a. Gentrification as a zero sum game, local inhabitants as a victim b. Social disparity and class segregation c. A creative destruction (of urban structure) d. More heavy to commercial (economic growth) interests than community interests

10. Inner City Development as Flagship Project

11. Priorities of project The city of Malmo is in a transition period, changing from an industrial city to a city of information and knowledge. The priorities are to combine large investments in infrastructure and an increasing population with sustainable development. Building new and revitalizing old residential areas are urgent needs in the fast growing region. The development should increase quality of life for citizens and minimize the environmental impact on them.

12. Bo 01: City of Tomorrow Bo01 – a European Housing Exposition scheduled for May 11 – September 9, 2001 – is sited on a ‘post-industrial’ waterfront in Malmö. Bo01, also referred to as the City of Tomorrow, is the first phase of a long-term development plan for the Västra Hamnen (Western Harbour) area in Malmö. The Exposition consists of two parts: a newly constructed urban district with about 800 apartments and a temporary exhibition regarding ”The City of Tomorrow in the ecologically sustainable information and welfare society.”

13. Bo01 is understood to be an outstanding project for the following reasons: • The project is expected to become a driving force in Malmö’s overall development as a sustainable city; • Bo01 is envisioned as a model for the reclamation of industrial harbor sites; • The area is expected to be provided with 100% renewable energy; • Advanced systems are to be implemented for local (re)-cycling of water, resources and wastes; • Mobility systems are planned including vehicles powered by environmentally-friendly fuels.

14. Melbourne Waterfront Project

15. Urban Regeneration comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental condition of an area that has been subject to change Variations of Urban Regeneration Self-supported Municipal Improvement Districts/SMID (Iowa), Special Improvement Districts/SID (New Jersey), Community Improvement Districts/CID (Missouri), Public Improvement Districts/PID (Texas), Economic Improvement Districts/EID (Oregon), Parking and Business Improvement Associations/PBIA (Washington), Improvement Districts for Enhanced Municipal Services (Arizona), Municipal Special Services Districts (Connecticut), Business Improvement Areas (Canada), and City Improvement Districts/CID (South Africa). Urban Renaissance(UK)

16. urban regeneration ENTRUST- Empowering Neighborhood through Resource and Synergies with Trade (2004) 1. Aims of regeneration 2. Private sector involvement 3. The role of community participation 4. Mainstreaming and anchoring

17. Aims of regeneration In the past, traditionally urban regeneration was mainly concerned with physical improvement, over time the aims and the means of regeneration have become multi-faceted and more complex to deal with. They integrate different sectors and actors on several levels and contexts, combining physical investment in 'hardware' with investment in the social 'software' of a neighborhood. Inner city neighborhoods are not isolated islands; they are embedded in a city-wide system of relations and functions and play a certain role there. So, successful urban regeneration approaches have to be integrated into regional strategies in order to make use of such connections. The others key words are manage tensions and conflicts between actors and level of interests, based on transparency and democratic processes, the regeneration as a learning system which mainly concern on process then outputs.

18. Private sector involvement There are many dimensions to the private sector and there is a variety of reasons to bring private partners into urban regeneration – as much as there are many types of involvement. The private sector includes commercial enterprises (local businessmen, non-personal companies, house owners and real estate developers), the 'third sector' (not-for-profit organizations) and also residents and consumers. Instruments to involve the private sector include formal partnership arrangements, network structures, private lending, direct investment, participation in decision-making structures, and corporate social responsibility (sponsorship).

19. Community participation . community involvement is about bringing in those who have a 'stake' in the neighborhood – those who live there, those who work there and those who are the owners and customers of local businesses and services. Participation can mean taking part in the design of a development program and/or taking part in its implementation. In general, one aim of all participation efforts is to empower the community.

20. Mainstreaming and anchoring Urban regeneration is a very special case of public policy. It differs from other public sector tasks. One major finding is that they are still mostly experimental in character and have only been running for some years or are being under review. They are only employed for deprived neighborhoods and do not represent a city-wide approach to urban governance, and they do not replace ongoing servicing of the neighborhoods, which is still sectorally organized. a core challenge of urban regeneration schemes is to create more sustainable solutions and through finding ways to integrate regeneration policies into the mainstream sectoral policies of the cities.