THE NATION COMES APART

1. CHAPTER 12 SECTION 3 THE NATION COMES APART

2. POLITICAL PARTIES OF 1856 • DEMOCRATS – JAMES BUCHANAN – FROM PA(WINNER) • HAD NO CONNECTION WITH BLEEDING KANSAS • NEITHER FAVORED OR HATED SLAVERY • REPUBLICANS – JOHN C. FREMONT • FREE SPEECH, FREE PRESS, FREE SOIL, FREE MEN, FREMONT • DOES WELL POPULAR VOTE 1,339,932 VOTES TO BUCHANAN’S 1,832,955 – ELECTORAL VOTE – 114 (FREMONT) TO 174 (BUCHANAN) • KNOW NOTHINGS • SPLIT INTO 2 SECTS – NORTH KNOW-NOTHINGS & SOUTH KNOW NOTHINGS • NORTH – JOHN C. FREMONT • SOUTH – MILLARD FILLMORE

3. SECTIONALISM • A FEELING OF LOYALTY TO A STATE, REGION, OR TERRITORY – NOT THE COUNTRY

4. DRED SCOT VS. SANFORD • SUPREME COURT CASE • FACTS OF THE CASE • DRED SCOT WAS A SLAVE • HE WAS TAKEN BY HIS MASTER TO ILLINOIS (FREE) AND THEN TO MINNESOTA(FREE) • HE MOVED BACK TO MISSOURI(SLAVE) WHERE HE SUED FOR HIS FREEDOM • CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTIONS • WAS HE A CITIZEN OF THE USA? • WAS HE FREE?

5. DRED SCOT VS. SANFORD • RULING (7-2) OPINION – CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERT TANEY • THE CONSTITUTION DECLARES THAT SLAVES ARE NOT US CITIZENS – THEY ARE PROPERTY • SLAVES DO NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO FILE A LAWSUIT (LACK STANDING) • CONGRESS DOES NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO DECIDE ON THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY • THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL • POP. SOV. – TERRITORIES MUST DECIDE ON THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY FOR THEMSELVES

6. STEPHEN DOUGLAS • HAD A 15 YEAR CAREER IN THE SENATE • HELPED WRITE THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 AND THE K/N ACT IN 1854 • KNOWN AS THE LITTLE GIANT • GREAT COMPROMISER • SAW SLAVERY AS A POLITICAL ISSUE • BELIEVED THAT POP SOV WOULD SOLVE THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY

7. ABRAHAM LINCOLN • SELF-EDUCATED LAWYER • SPENT 8 YEARS IN THE ILLINOIS STATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE • 2 YEARS IN THE US HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE • BELIEVED SLAVERY WAS A MORALLY WRONG • WAS NOT AN ABOLITIONIST – HE DID NOT WANT SLAVERY TO EXPAND INTO THE TERRITORIES • “A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF CANNOT STAND. I BELIEVE THIS GOVERNMENT CANNOT ENDURE PERMANENTLY HALF SLAVE AND HALF FREE. I DO NOT EXPECT THE UNION TO BE DISSOLVED – I DO NOT EXPECT THE HOUSE TO FALL – BUT I DO EXPECT IT WILL CEASE TO BE DIVIDED. IT WILL BECOME ALL ONE THING, OR ALL THE OTHER.”

8. LINCOLN – DOUGLAS DEBATE (1858) • ABRAHAM LINCOLN(R) RAN AGAINST STEPHEN DOUGLAS (D) FOR REPUBLICAN SENATOR FROM ILLINOIS • DEBATED EACH OTHER 7 TIMES • DOUGLAS TRIED TO MAKE LINCOLN LOOK LIKE AN ABOLITIONIST • LINCOLN TRIED TO FORCE DOUGLAS TO MAKE PROSLAVERY STATEMENTS • STEPHAN DOUGLAS WON THE ELECTION OF US SENATE

9. JOHN BROWN’S RAID (1859) • THE PLAN • RAID THE US ARSENAL AT HARPER’S FERRY VIRGINIA • 18 FOLLOWERS – 13 • GIVE THE STOLEN GUNS TO SLAVES • STARTED A SLAVE REVOLT • THE PROBLEM • THE SLAVE WERE RELUCTANT • THEY WENT BACK TO THE ARSENAL, WHICH WAS SURROUNDED BY RIVERS AD MOUNTAINS • ROBERT E. LEE (MARINE) EASILY CAPTURED BROWN AND 10 FOLLOWERS

10. JOHN BROWN’S RAID (1859) • THE AFTERMATH • JOHN BROWN WAS FOUND GUILTY OF TREASON • SENTENCED BY THE COURT TO THE GALLOWS • SOUTHERNERS WERE JACKED • BECAUSE THE NORTH SAW BROWN AS A MARTYR AND SANG HIS PRAISES • BROWN THEY THOUGHT WAS TERRIBLE FOR INCITING A SLAVE RIOT