A Nation Comes Apart

1. A Nation Comes Apart

2. 6 Causes (S’s) of the Civil War • #1 - Slavery: • Although slavery was a cause of the Civil War, the north was not trying to end slavery in the south. Only stop the spread of slavery. • By 1804, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey had all abolished slavery.

3. Slave and Free states

4. Abolitionists Frederick Douglas: a former slave that worked to abolish slavery through speeches and his Newspaper, “The North Star”. William Lloyd Garrison: wrote against slavery in his newspaper “The Liberator”.

5. Abolitionists Harriet Tubman: an escaped slave that worked to help other slaves escape via passages and safe houses to Canada to freedom. Harriet Beecher Stowe: wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin about slave life in the south. Encouraged many people in the north to become abolitionists.

6. Slave Codes • Slaves were not allowed to assemble without a white person present. • Could not travel without a pass • Could not learn to read or write • Could not work in a print shop • Could not possess drums

7. Slave Resistance Nat Turner: One of the largest slave revolts in US history. Made southerners fear revolts from their slaves.

8. Resistance in Georgia • Newly enslaved Africans often committed suicide • Running away • Working slowly • Pretending sickness • Damaging tools and property • stealing

9. Westward Expansion of Slavery • In 1819 there were 11 free states and 11 slave states. • In 1820 Missouri and Maine wanted to come into the Union. • Missouri wanted to come in as a slave and many northerners wanted to prohibit the creation of any more slave states. • Missouri Compromise: Maine would enter as a free state and Missouri as a slave state creating 12 free and 12 slave states. Future states above the 36 degree 30 line would be free and below would be slave. • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=E8C5D6D6-B4F6-4880-9E48-2EF2F3901398&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

10. Westward Expansion of Slavery • By 1849 there were 15 slave and 15 free states. • Gold is discovered in California and by 1850, California wants to come into the Union which would disrupt the equal stand in the Senate.

11. Compromise of 1850 North: California entered as a free state Slave trade would end in the D.C. area Texas could not annex New Mexico Territory South: Fugitive Slave Law Slavery allowed in D.C. area Popular Sovereignty (people of area decide) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=10A0EE83-08A3-4C8D-A5CC-13F60BEA8097&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

12. GA Platform • South Carolina wanted to secede over the Compromise • GA Platform: GA would abide by the compromise as long as the North did.

13. Bleeding Kansas • Kansas/Nebraska Act: 1854 - Popular Sovereignty • Abolitionists and slave holders both went to Kansas to try and influence the vote. • Fighting breaks out between the groups leading to the reputation of “Bleeding Kansas” http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=10A0EE83-08A3-4C8D-A5CC-13F60BEA8097&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

14. Dred Scott • 1857: A slave that sued his owner for his freedom after he was taken to live in free territory. The court ruled that slaves did not have the right to sue and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories. • This was a huge win for the south but outraged antislavery forces in the North increasing the rift between the two regions • . • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=10A0EE83-08A3-4C8D-A5CC-13F60BEA8097&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

15. John Brown • An extreme abolitionists that became famous during the fighting in Kansas. • In 1859 he led a raid at Harper’s Ferry Virginia on the Federal Arsenal with the intent of starting a slave revolt at neighboring plantations. • He held hostage some of the townspeople and was finally captured by U.S. Captain Robert E. Lee. • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=0D8E1667-F00E-4B01-8135-763D03BE106B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

16. Slavery in GA • By 1860 price of a good field hand was $1,800. • There were some antislavery attitudes in the state. • Some slave owners freed slaves in their wills, however in 1801, GA legislature passed a law saying only they could free slaves. • Georgia prohibited free blacks to come into the state.

17. Slavery in GA • Back to Africa Movement: started by Paul Cuffe. • 1816: American Colonization Society: William Crawford from GA supported this. • In 1820, 86 people left New York and settled the new colony on the west coast of Africa and named it Liberia. • Eventually around 1200 ex slaves went to Liberia and it became a nation in 1847. • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3B77D9BA-1C64-4A3C-821A-474576344D54&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

18. Free Blacks in GA • Were considered wards of the state • Had to have a legal guardian • Could own property • Cities discouraged presence of free blacks: • Atlanta: had to pay $200 to move to city • Augusta: free black violating law could be sold into slavery • If caught “wandering, strolling about, or leading an idle, immoral life, considered a vagrant” punishment was 2 years of slavery and 2nd offense was life of slavery.

19. 2nd S: Sectionalism • Economic differences: • North – industry, cities. Swift rivers made it possible to power factories and natural harbors for foreign trade. People in the cities began to depend on the government for things like police and fire protection. • South – agricultural economy. Warm climate and fertile soil. Most lived on farms where they were very independent and provided everything they needed on the farm. Did not rely on government for services.

20. Sectionalism By 1820 political leaders were looking at issues in terms of how they affected their particular section rather than as a nation. Sectionalism: placing sectional interests above national. Ex: slavery, tariffs, state’s rights.

21. Sectionalism Tariffs: the north wanted to place a high tax on imported goods. North: high tariffs would protect their business in their factories as their goods would be cheaper than products from Great Britain. South: Did not have factories to protect. High tariffs meant a lower demand on cotton cloth imported from Britain which cut back on the amount of cotton that Great Britain bought from the south.

22. 3rd S: Style Lifestyle: North: Cities in the north allowed for much more social interaction between the people. People had free time to go to plays, lectures, shows. South: People did not live very close to others and social events usually surrounded production (barn raising, quilt making, etc.) Church attendance on Sundays provided social time for many families.

23. 4th S- Structure Structure: the social structure North: In the north, social class was tied directly to money. It was possible to move up and down on the social ladder. As many opportunities existed to move up in a company or factory, people were also able to move up socially. Also more interaction was held between the classes, especially at certain places such as lectures etc. South: Class was tied to cotton and slaves. As a result it was impossible to move up on the ladder. Where a person was born would be the station that the person remained. A families’ reputation was very important during this time.

24. 5th S - sovereignty State’s rights: The south believed that the states should have the ultimate power over decisions except in issues specifically granted to the U.S. government by the Constitution. Some people in the south believed that state’s had the power of nullification – right to determine if a law passed by Congress was constitutional or not. In 1828 and 1832, S.C. nullified the tariffs and favored secession. GA did not follow suit because of the strong support for President Andrew Jackson who did not support nullification. Why did GA support Andrew Jackson so strongly?

25. 6th S - Secession • Lincoln’s Election: ran as a Republican party that was started in 1854. • Republican platform: free land in the west, tariffs, and stopping the spread of slavery into the west. • There were 2 Democrats that ran. South nominated John Breckinridge and the north nominated Stephen Douglas. Because of the split, Lincoln won. • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3E59E95A-1DEE-4DC6-9AAF-268557EF6826&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US S. Douglas J. Breckinridge A. Lincoln

26. Georgia Secedes • In November 1860 after Lincoln’s election GA voted to use $1 million to defend the state and raise 10,000 state troops. • Governor Joseph Brown stated: • 1. Lincoln would appoint Republican Supreme Court Justices • 2. In less than25 years Slavery would be eliminated from the country. • 3. Believed that if the south seceded before Lincoln’s inauguration that a special convention would be called giving the south the guaranteed constitutional rights they sought.

27. Georgia Secedes • By January of 1861, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama had seceded. • On January 29, 1861 Georgia officially seceded from the U.S. • Ordinance of Secession: • GA’s 1788 ratification of U.S. Constitution was repealed • GA’s membership in the union of states known as the U.S. was now dissolved. • GA was now an independent and free nation.

28. Reasons of Secession • Reasons listed in the Declaration of the Causes of Secession. • Lincoln’s election signaled a victory for the abolitionists • Government wanted to prohibit slavery in the territories • Give equality to the black and white races • Disregard of Constitutional guarantees

29. Confederate States of America • By Feb. 4, 1861, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas became the Original 7 Confederate States. • Jefferson Davis of Mississippi - President • Alexander Stephens of Georgia – Vice President • Thomas R.R. Cobb of Georgia – drafted new Constitution.