The Nation Breaking Apart

1. The Nation Breaking Apart Growing Tensions Between North and South

2. Missouri Compromise1820 • Author: Henry Clay • Missouri would be admitted as a Slave State. • Maine would be admitted as a Free State. • All territory in the Louisiana Territory above the 36, 30 Latitude Line, slavery would be outlawed.

3. Wilmot Proviso1846 David Wilmot, House of Representatives (Pennsylvania) • Outlaw slavery in any territory won from Mexico. • South: Bill was unconstitutional, congress had no right to stop them from bring their property into the new territories. Constitution protected their property rights. • House: Passed • Senate: Failed

4. Wilmot Proviso1846 • Results: • Creation of the Free Soil Party. • Dedicated to to stopping the spread of slavery. • “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men”. • Made slavery a key issue in politics from that point on.

5. The Compromise of 1850Author: Henry Clay North South • California: Free State • Slave trade would be abolished in Washington D.C. • Congress would not pass anymore laws about slavery in the territories won from Mexico. • Congress would pass a stronger Fugitive Slave Law.

6. The Fugitive Slave Act • People accused of being escaped slaves could be arrested at any time. • No right to a jury trial. • Required Northerners to help recapture runaway slaves. • Created the Federal Marshalls. • Judge would decide their fate. • $5 for releasing the person. • $10 for turning the person over the slaveholder.

7. The Kansas-Nebraska Act1854 • Author: Stephen Douglas, Senator (Illinois ) • Organize the governments for the Nebraska Territory. • Divided into the Kansas and Nebraska Territories.

8. The Kansas-Nebraska Act1854 • The issue of slavery would be decided by Popular Sovereignty. • Popular Sovereignty: • The People Decide!!!!

9. Bleeding Kansas • Kansas Territory would be the first place Popular Soverneigty would be put to the test. • Both Proslavery and Antislavery people rushed into Kansas. • Election would held in March of 1855. • More Proslavery people were in Kansas at the time of the election.

10. Bleeding Kansas • Border Ruffians: 5,000 Missourians crossed the boarder and voted . • Kansas Territory became a slave territory. Capital was in Topecca. • Antislavery people called the election fixed and formed their own government. Capital was in Lawrence.

11. Bleeding Kansas • May, 1855: Sack of Lawrence • Mob attacks Lawrence • Destroys offices and the Govener’s home • John Brown: Extreme Abolitionist

12. Bleeding Kansas • Pottawatomie Massacre: • John Brown and seven others attack Pottawatomie Creek. • Five Proslavery men were killed. • Civil war broke out in Kansas that lasted for three years. • Became known as “Bleeding Kansas”

13. The Dred Scott Case • Dred Scott: Slave of a Military Doctor from Missouri. • Owner took him into Wisconsin & Minnisota territories, which are both free territories. • After the death of the doctor, Aboloitionists talked Dred Scott into sueing for his freedom.

14. The Dred Scott Case • Dred Scott v. Sanford: Reached the Supreme Court in 1857. • Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the courts ruling.

15. The Dred Scott Case • Dred Scott was not a citizen. • (Slaves were Property/U.S. Constitution) • As a result, he could not sue in U.S. Courts. • Scott’s time in the free territories did not matter in his case, because he had to abide by Missouri’s slave codes.

16. The Dred Scott Case • Congress could not ban slavery in the territories. • To do so would violate the 5th Amendment. (Property Rights) Declared the Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional.

17. Lincoln—Douglas Debates • The Republican Party grew out of the problems caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. • No room for comprimise on the expansion of slavery. • The violance in Kansas was the Democrats (Southern slave holders) fault. • Republicans quickly gained support in the Northern states.

18. Lincoln—Douglas Debates • After the Supreme Court made it’s ruling on the Dred Scott Case, the Republicans charged that the Democrats wanted to legalize slavery everywhere. • Illinois: Senate Seat • Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln • Democrats renominate Stephen Douglas

19. Lincoln—Douglas Debates“A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand” • Stephen Douglas • Author Kansas-Nebraska Act • Popular Sovereignty • Abraham Lincoln • Little known Lawyer • Southerns wanted to expand slavery everywhere

20. Lincoln—Douglas Debates • The two men debated all over Illinois (7 times). • Lincoln: • Slavery was “a moral, a social and a political wrong.” • It should be stopped from spreading, but not to abolish it completely.

21. Lincoln—Douglas Debates • Douglas: • Popular Sovereignty was most the democratic method to use. • Dred Scott case made Popular Sovereignty unconstitutional. • “The people have the lawful means to introduce or exclude it as they please.” • Douglas won relection.

22. Harpers Ferry • Federal Arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. • John Brown and 18 men, 13 whites & 5 blacks. • Capture the arsenal and use the arms to rally the local slaves to join him to start a rebellion. • October 16, 1859 attack took place and they were able to capture the arsenal.

23. Harpers Ferry • No slaves came to join him and his gang. • They were surounded by Federal troops led by Robert E. Lee. • When the fight was over, 10 had been killed and Brown and six of his men had been captured.

24. Harpers Ferry • Results: • John Brown was put on trial for Murder and Treason. • Found guilty and sentenced to hanged. • North: On the day he was to be Hanged. Abolitionists rang church bells and fired guns in his honor. • South: The people were horrified by his actions and were in disbelief by the reactions in the North.

25. Election of 1860 • Republican Party: Nominates Abraham Lincoln. • Platform: Stop the spread of slavery in the new territories. • Democratic Party: Divided • Platform: Northern Democrats wanted to use Popular Sovereignty, Southern Democrats wanted no boundries on slavery.

26. Election of 1860 • Democrats split the party: • Northern Democrats • Nominate Stephen Douglas • Platform: Popular Sovereignty • Southern Democrats • Nominate John Breckinridge • Platform: Slavery allowed in territories • New Party: Constitutional Union Party: • Nominate John Bell • Platform: To save the Union

27. Election of 1860 Voter map Electoral Vote

28. Response to the Election Southern • During the campaign, the Southern States alsways said, if Lincoln was elected, they would secede. • They joined the Union voluntarily, so they had the right to leave the same way. • On December 20, 1860, South Carolina was the first state to leave the Union. Followed by • Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.

29. Response to the Election Northern • President Buchanan: U.S. Constitution was framed to prevent this from happening. • Majority rules and the Southerners were not willing to live by the election results. • Crittenden Plan: Author John Crittenden • Adding 6 amendments to the Constitution • Proposed 4 resolutions

30. Crittenden Compromise • Author: John Crittenden • Compromise: • Amendments to the Constitution. • The continuation of slavery where it already existed. • Compensation for the owners of fugitive slaves. • It also proposed to reenact the Missouri Compromise to extend the boundary to the Pacific.