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A NATION TORN APART

A NATION TORN APART. In 1861, 11 southern states withdrew from the Union and formed their own country: The Confederate States of America. Texas is one of the states that joined the Confederacy. Differences in the North and South. Economically and Culturally. NORTHERN ECONOMY.

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A NATION TORN APART

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  1. A NATION TORN APART

  2. In 1861, 11 southern states withdrew from the Union and formed their own country: The Confederate States of America

  3. Texas is one of the states that joined the Confederacy

  4. Differences in the North and South Economically and Culturally

  5. NORTHERN ECONOMY • Industrialized • Many Factories • Large Cities

  6. NORTHERN CULTURE • Fast-paced • City Life • Many Immigrants

  7. SOUTHERN ECONOMY AGRICULTURAL! Based on Slave Labor

  8. SOUTHERN CULTURE • Slow-paced • Many Slaves • Mainly Rural • Leisurely life for plantation owners

  9. ISSUES DIVIDING THE COUNTRY • Tariffs • Slavery • STATE’S RIGHTS

  10. TARIFFS • Made goods and services from other countries more expensive • Benefited the North because Southerners were forced to buy from the North rather than from other countries • Southerners were upset because their agrarian society relied on goods and services from other countries; whereas the North’s did not

  11. SLAVERY

  12. MISSOURI COMPROMISE, 1820

  13. MISSOURI COMPROMISE, 1820 • Missouri was admitted as a slave state • Maine was admitted as a free state • A line was drawn at 36 degrees, 30’ north—slavery could not extend above this line

  14. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • Southerners and Northerners debated if California should be admitted as a free or slave state • Henry Clay of the South proposed the following four provisions:

  15. 1. California admitted as a free state • 2. All other territories won in the Mexican War can decide if they want to be free or slave • 3. Slave trade in Washington D.C. abolished • 4. Fugitive Slave Law must be passed

  16. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW • All people in free states were required to catch and return all fugitive slaves. Anyone who did not help would be jailed • This law led to increasing support of the Underground Railroad

  17. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN • Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Gave a dramatic account of the cruelty of slavery • Turned many people against slavery • One of the most influential books in the history of the U.S.

  18. KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT, 1854 Did away with the Missouri Compromise

  19. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, 1854 • “Popular Sovereignty” (people voting) would decide the issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska • Nebraska voted to be a free state

  20. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, 1854 • Abolitionists and Pro-slavery people poured into Kansas to try to sway the vote • Kansas became “Bleeding Kansas” • Kansas entered the union in 1861 as a free state

  21. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

  22. DRED SCOTT CASE, 1857 • Dred Scott sued his former master’s widow because they moved to a free state • Scott was denied his freedom so he appealed to the Supreme Court

  23. Dred Scott

  24. Chief Justice Robert B. Taney ruled that blacks were not citizens; therefore, they could not sue in federal court • Taney continued that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional: Congress could not ban slavery in territories because of an individual’s right to “life, liberty, and property”

  25. The Dred Scott decision made slavery an issue above the states; therefore, it made compromise impossible and war was becoming inevitable

  26. John Brown Raid, 1859

  27. JOHN BROWN RAID, 1859 • John Brown believed he could end slavery by raiding a U.S. arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, VA and using that ammunition to rally support against slavery • After 36 hours, Brown surrendered to Col. Robert E. Lee. He was tried and hanged for murder and treason.

  28. Robert E. Lee

  29. Harper’s Ferry

  30. Result of the Raid: • Northerners praised Brown as a “crucified “hero • Southerners were outraged by this • The issue of slavery was becoming personal rather than political

  31. STATE’S RIGHTS • The issue of state’s rights dated back to the Nullification Crisis in 1832. • People in the South believed that the federal government’s authority was limited by the Constitution. • Therefore, a state had a right to nullify any federal law they considered unconstitutional. • The slavery issue was an example of the argument over state’s rights: the Southern states believed it should be an individual state’s decision whether or not to allow slavery.

  32. ELECTION OF LINCOLN

  33. ELECTION OF LINCOLN • Lincoln was a Republican (against slavery) • Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union • When he won the election, the South assumed he would free all slaves

  34. The Result of the Election: • December 20, 1860: South Carolina secedes from the Union • Next, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas secede • SECEDE = To formally withdraw from the Union • February, 1861: The Confederate States of America is formed • Jefferson Davis is president

  35. The Civil War

  36. Jefferson Davis

  37. Lincoln tries to Compromise • He would reinstate the Missouri Compromise • He would not interfere with states where slavery already existed

  38. The Confederate States of America REFUSE Lincoln’s offer

  39. Lincoln Reacts • Lincoln did not want to end slavery, but he was willing to go to war to preserve the Union • Lincoln sent an army and navy to take control of Fort Sumter (The most important port in the South)

  40. Fort SumterCharleston, South Carolina

  41. Through March 1861, the Confederacy tries peaceful negotiations, but the Union refuses to remove its forces. The Union commander told the southerners, “Gentlemen, I will await your fire.”

  42. As a result... • Confederates fired the first shot at the Union at 4:30 am, April 12, 1861 • THE CIVIL WAR HAS STARTED

  43. The South seceded from the Union because they felt the federal government was taking away their constitutional rights of self-government and self-protection

  44. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION • President Lincoln supported freeing slaves if it would help the North win the war. • Lincoln faced three problems with emancipation: • He feared the Northern prejudice against African Americans might weaken support for the war • Northerners might consider slaves property that southerners had the right to keep • The Constitution did not give the president the power to outlaw slavery

  45. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION • Lincoln passed a military order to free slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy. • This was called the Emancipation Proclamation • Southern slaves escaped when Union troops were nearby. This loss of slave labor hurt the southern economy and Confederate war effort • Many northerners opposed it because they wanted only to restore the Union, not end slavery • Abolitionists said Lincoln did not go far enough to help the slaves.

  46. 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments • 13th Amendment – abolished slavery in the US • 14th Amendment – all citizens have the same rights • 15th Amendment – no citizen can be denied the right to vote

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