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SEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS

SEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS. Lithogenous Biogenous Hydrogenous Cosmogenous. General patterns. Review shape of typical ocean floor Lots of sediments near continents Few sediments at ocean ridges – Why?. Lithogenous (1). From weathering and erosion of continents

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SEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS

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  1. SEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS Lithogenous Biogenous Hydrogenous Cosmogenous

  2. General patterns • Review shape of typical ocean floor • Lots of sediments near continents • Few sediments at ocean ridges – Why?

  3. Lithogenous (1) • From weathering and erosion of continents • Some relatively close to continental mass • Beach sediments • River sediments • Glacial debris • Graded bedding from turbidity currents

  4. Turbidity currents and graded bedding

  5. Lithogenous (2) • Some found on abyssal plain • Wind-blown debris • Red clays

  6. Biogenous sediments (1) • Remains of formerly living organisms (shells and reef material) • Silica rich: radiolarians, diatoms • Calcium carbonate rich: • forams, coccolithophores, reefs • carbonate compensation depth

  7. RADIOLARIAN

  8. DIATOMS

  9. FORAMS

  10. COCCOLITHS

  11. Biogenous (2) • Difficult to accumulate biogenous oozes • Productivity of that area of the ocean • Destruction as “shells” fall to seafloor Additional CCD for carbonate sediments • Dilution by other sediments

  12. Hydrogenous sediments • Evaporites • Manganese nodules • Phosphorite nodules • Metal sulfides

  13. Manganese Nodules

  14. Cosmosgenous sediments TEKTITES • Meteorites • Tektites • Random distribution and relatively insignificant

  15. MAP OF SEDIMENTS IN OCEAN • Student version

  16. Resources from the seafloor • What is accessible? • What is owned by whom? • What is economically valuable?

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