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Let’s Talk About …

Let’s Talk About …. REPRODUCTION!!. What do you know?. There are two major types of reproduction. Only bacteria and plants reproduce asexually. Bacteria reproduce sexually and asexually. There are animals that can reproduce asexually. Homosexuality doesn’t exist in the animal world.

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Let’s Talk About …

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  1. Let’s Talk About … REPRODUCTION!!

  2. What do you know? • There are two major types of reproduction. • Only bacteria and plants reproduce asexually. • Bacteria reproduce sexually and asexually. • There are animals that can reproduce asexually. • Homosexuality doesn’t exist in the animal world. • There is no benefit to asexual reproduction. • Plants engage in sexual reproduction. • Frogs and insects use external fertilization. • Some insects pass a large sperm package to females during sex. • Hemaphrodites (have both sex organs) can fertilize themselves.

  3. Reproduction 101 Reproduction: Process by which new individual organisms are produced. There are two types of reproduction….

  4. ASEXUAL Fungal Spores AND SEXUAL

  5. Asexual Reproduction: formation of new individuals from a single parent. Offspring are clones of the parent (unless mutations occur). Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction of algae

  6. Who in the world would want to reproduce asexually??? The following are examples of asexual reproduction….

  7. Bacteria Bacteria reproduce through binary fission. Binary Fission—asexual reproduction where one cell divides into two genetically identical cells.

  8. Can bacteria have sex too? • Conjugation: the transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact • This is often mistaken as sexual reproduction, but it’s NOT because it doesn’t involve the fusion of gametes (sperm & egg).

  9. Asexual reproduction of sea anemone via binary fission!

  10. Yeast and Sponges • Yeast and sponges can reproduce by budding. • Budding--when a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent • The outgrowth splits off and lives independently! YUCK!

  11. Starfish Fragmentation—when a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into a whole new individual.

  12. Strawberries • Strawberry plants send out runners to start new plants. • These new plants are identical to the parent plant. Strawberries can also reproduce sexually.

  13. I’m so confused….. Some species alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction (heterogamy) depending on conditions. “I like to reproduce asexually in the spring because it’s fast and easy.” “I like to slow things down in the summer and reproduce sexually.” Daphnia

  14. NEWSFLASH VIRGIN SHARK HAS BABIES!! There have been several cases in the last 10 years where captive sharks lay eggs that hatch when NO MALES ARE IN THE TANK!! Parthenogenesis --asexual form of reproduction found in females where growth and development of embryos occurs WITHOUT FERTILIZATION. Parthenogenesis also occurs in some plants, insects, reptiles, and birds (not in mammals).

  15. Do parthenogenic females have both sex parts? • No! These animals are NOT hemaphrodites (more on those later). • Eggs develop without fertilization • Offspring are clones of the female

  16. “Lesbian Lizards” • A female only species • One animal takes the "male" role and the other the “female” role. • Either can assume the role depending on the point in their cycle • Mating ritual: • Tongue-flicking of head • Neck stroking • Mounting • Genital touching

  17. Is the lesbian sex just for fun? • Instinct? • Ancestral behavior? • Improves fertility: • When not allowed to engage in female-female sex the laid eggs less often and laid fewer eggs.

  18. Pro’s and Con’s of Asexual Reproduction • Quick, Easy, and Guaranteed! • No need to travel to find a partner (less energy used) • No arguments! • Lack of variation

  19. Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction: The formation of new individuals following the union of two gametes (sperm and egg). Obviously, sexual reproduction involves TWO parents instead of ONE. You only think you know how this works!

  20. Flowers have sex?? Simplified version of plant sex: pollen (plant sperm) lands on the stigma (female part) and travels to the egg (stored in ovary) No Way! Say it isn’t so! The fertilized egg develops into a seed and the ovary develops into fruit. Flowers contain plant reproduction organs.

  21. Hibiscus Sex PartsCheck out the sexy stigma (female pollen receptor) and anther (produces pollen) on this plant ….

  22. Pollination “The Birds and the Bees” Insects, wind, birds, bats, and “self” are all methods of pollination—spreading sperm around!

  23. What else can you tell me about sexual reproduction??? Do fish reproduce sexually?

  24. Fish Reproduction External Fertilization: Female fish expel eggs and the males expel sperm (milt) into the water. External Fertilization Fertilized Salmon Eggs Alevin (baby fish)

  25. Frogs Do It Too

  26. Sometimes they even try to do it with the wrong species …

  27. And sometimes doing it can even be deadly … Male Wood Frogs grasping a female

  28. Some Do It Internally Internal Reproduction: this is where the penis is inserted into the female and sperm is released to fertilize the eggs inside the female’s body Let’s take a look at who’s doing it this way …

  29. Insects Do It Dragonfly Mating Wheel—female curls abdomen forward to receive sperm.

  30. Examples of Insects Doing It … Spiny Soldier Bug Water striders Monarch Butterflies Praying Mantids Ladybird mating

  31. BOYS, HOMECOMING IS SOON! TRY ONE OF THOSE TRICKS! “I ain’t got nobody” • Male insects attract females in a variety of interesting ways: • Chirping (crickets) • Lighting up (fireflies) • Dancing in swarms (mayflies) • Odor or phermones (moths and butterflies)

  32. What happens after insects mate? Complete Metamorphosis

  33. Reptile Sexual Reproduction

  34. “Are you my mother?” There’s nothing very interesting about reptile life cycles. The eggs hatch and the young grow…no fancy stages.

  35. Bird Sex They even do it in front of the kids! Eww!

  36. Bluebird Sex 2 1 3

  37. Birds have very interesting courtship behaviors…… PLEASE CHECK ME OUT!!! The male frigates inflate their bright red jugular sac to attract females. Tufted Puffins rubbing bills

  38. “Mammals … do it like they do on the discovery channel …”

  39. censored I THINK YOU KNOW HOW THIS WORKS…

  40. Pro’s and Con’s of Sexual Reproduction Increases Variation One must attract a mate in order to reproduce—this can be energy consuming and frustrating.

  41. You’re telling me! One last question: Do snails mate?

  42. YUP … We are hermaphrodites. We are lucky enough to have both male and female parts …

  43. Then what were those snails doing?? • Individuals contain both male and female sex organs but they do NOT self-fertilize. • The two to six hour marathon session that is snail copulation is actually an exchange of sperm between two individuals, combined with plenty of rubbing, biting and 'eye-stalk' waving. • Individuals use the received sperm to fertilize their own eggs — a process that is necessary to maintain genetic diversity in the population. SWEET!

  44. THE END!!

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