How to Write a DBQ Like Leonardo da Vinci (he painted in Layers…)

1. How to Write a DBQ Like Leonardo da Vinci(he painted in Layers…)

2. Remember class, you need to include a thesis statement in your introduction. What is a Reeses statement? z z z Why do students have problems writing a DBQ?

3. Step 1. Reading and understanding the directions page, historical context and the task.

4. Step 1. Reading and understanding the directions page, historical context and the task. The Students must understand that they need to read the entire page of directions. They must identify the task they are required to complete so they can analyze each document and understand how it can be used to answer one or more parts of the task. All documents are to be analyzed and organized by the part or parts of the task they complete.

5. Step 1. in writing a DBQ: Reading and understanding the directions page, historical context and the task. The students must identify which documents will answer how women historically have not had the same rights as men The students must identify which documents will identify individuals, groups and or events that helped women in their struggle for equal rights.

6. Step 2.Answering the short answer portion of the essay with APPARTS.

7. Tear those documents“APPARTS” • AUTHOR • PLACE/TIME • PRIOR KNOWLEDGE • AUDIENCE • REASON • THE MAIN IDEA • SIGNIFICANCE

8. Let’s Practice!!! • Follow me as I model how to analyze Document 1 with APPARTS

9. Step 3.Organization of the documents as they relate to the task.

10. Step 3.Organization of the documents as they relate to the task. The students should be organize the documents by analyzing how each document can be used to answer the task. This in essence forces them to perform a brainstorming procedure because they need to use their knowledge of social studies to determine how each document is used. The students are to organize every document because all the documents given by the state will answer one or more parts of the task. The students will use the task box to create a graphic organizer as show in the diagram. This helps organize the documents and the essay.

11. Step 4.Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay.

12. 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Now that the documents are organized the Introduction can be created by dividing the job into two parts. • Part I • This part of the introduction needs to tell the reader the following information: • Who and or What are you writing about? • When and where did it take place? • These are the essential questions part of an historical essay. Students need to understand that when they write about the past a reader could be easily confused as to what they are writing about if these questions are not answered. Step 4. Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay. • An Example Why you need to answer the essential questions. • If you wrote a DBQ about the war in Iraq and did not answer the essential questions in “Part I” of your introduction, the reader would need to ask you for information before they could understand what your essay was about. • They would need to know when the war took place. Are you writing about the first war in Iraq when the first President Bush was serving or are you writing about the current war in Iraq known as the War on Terror.

13. To create Part I of the Introduction the student should be encouraged to use the “Historical Context” given to them in the DBQ • Part I • This part of the introduction needs to tell the reader the following information: • Who and or What are you writing about? • When and where did it take place? • The historical context already answers theessential questionsneeded to create Part I of the introduction. An Example of how the Historical Context answers the essential questions. Step 4. Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay. Who and or What are you writing about? In this example the student is asked to write about women’s rights. When and where did it take place? In this example the student is asked to write about women in the United States. The time period is all of U.S History Historical Context: Women have not had the same social, economic, and political rights as men. The struggle for women’s rights is an important part of United States history. Individuals, groups, and historical events have helped women in their struggle for equality. Historical Context: Women have not had the same social, economic, and political rights as men. The struggle for women’s rights is an important part of United States history. Individuals, groups, and historical events have helped women in their struggle for equality.

14. To create Part I of the Introduction the student should be encouraged to reword the “Historical Context” given to them in the DBQ Historical Context: Women have not had the same social, economic, and political rights as men. The struggle for women’s rights is an important part of United States history. Individuals, groups, and historical events have helped women in their struggle for equality. Step 4.Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay. Example: Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Part I of the Introduction answers the essential questions by rewording the historical context. Who or What are you writing about? Answer: Women’s rights. Where and when did it take place? Answer: Historically in the United States.

15. To create Part II of the Introduction the student should use the Task and organized documents. Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of social studies, answer the questions that follow each document in Part A. Your answers to the questions will help you write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to: • Discuss two ways in which women historically have not had the same rights as men • Identify and discuss two individuals, groups, and/or events that have helped women in their struggle for equal rights 1,2,3,5,7 Step 4.Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay. 2,3,4,6,7 Rewording the task and adding the essential points of the documents will tell the reader what question you will be answering and what you will write about to prove your answer (thesis statement). • Ways in which women historically have not had the same rights as men. • Document 1- freedom of expression • Document 2- Lacked the right to vote in many states • Document 3 – inability to obtain political office • Document 5- woman’s role was to be a mother and wife. • Document 7- Women in 1900 made up a small % of the work force because the were expected to stay home and take care of their household, husband and children. Individuals, groups, and/or events that have helped women in their struggle for equal rights. Document 2- Ratification of 19th Amendment Document 3 – Seneca Fall Convention Document 4 – WWII requires women to replace men in the workforce. Document 6- Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes sexual discrimination in employment unlawful. Document 7- Women in 200 made up almost half of the work force.

16. Ways in which women historically have not had the same rights as men. • Document 1- freedom of expression • Document 2- Lacked the right to vote in many states • Document 3 – inability to obtain political office • Document 5- woman’s role was to be a mother and wife. • Document 7- Women in 1900 made up a small % of the work force because the were expected to stay home and take care of their household, husband and children. Individuals, groups, and/or events that have helped women in their struggle for equal rights. Document 2- Ratification of 19th Amendment Document 3 – Seneca Fall Convention Document 4 – WWII requires women to replace men in the workforce. Document 6- Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes sexual discrimination in employment unlawful. Document 7- Women in 200 made up almost half of the work force. Step 4.Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay. Example: Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. Part II of the Introduction uses the task and documents to tell the reader what question you will be answering and what you will write about to prove your answer (thesis statement).

17. Example: Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. When Part I and Part II are combined the student has an Introduction that introduces the theme by establishing a framework that is beyond a simple restatement of the Task or Historical Context Step 4.Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay.

18. Step 5.Using the Introduction to organize the essay.

19. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household.Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. Introduction Step 5.Using the Introduction to organize the essay. The Student has also organized their essay by using this method. They now have an introduction and can clearly understand what they will prove, and how they will prove it, in their two body paragraphs. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents Paragraph One 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Paragraph Two

20. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Introduction Step 5.Using the Introduction to organize the essay. C I T A T I O N S Paragraph One Paragraph Two • Citations are used to tell the reader that you got information used in your essay from a document included in the essay. Documents should be “cited” after you have used information gained from a document in your paragraph. • Citations are never used in an introduction or conclusion. Only use citations in the body of the essay. • Citations are used at the end of the information. Example: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended discrimination in hiring based on a persons gender. (Document 6) or (Doc. 6) • If one or more documents are used to make a point they may be grouped. Example; (Documents 2,3,5) • You should use as many documents as possible. Any document included by the State is there for a reason and can be used to answer the task. • You must use the number of documents required in the guidelines portion of the directions.

21. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Introduction Step 5.Using the Introduction to organize the essay. C I T A T I O N S Paragraph One Paragraph Two The Guidelines section appears on the directions page and explains what must be included in your essay to gain full credit. If you do not meet the requirements of the guideline your essay will receive a progressively lower score depending on the degree you fail to meet the guideline. Guidelines: In your essay, be sure to • Address all aspects of the Task by accurately analyzing and interpreting at least four documents.

22. Step 6.Creating the Conclusion to the essay.

23. Example: In Conclusion, throughout the history of the United States women were denied the same basic rights as men. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention which issued a declaration that said women were equal, the ratification of the 19th Amendment that gave women the right to vote, WWII and the need for women to work in factories, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that ended discrimination in employment, all helped women gain equal rights as men in the United States. The Conclusion needs to restate part one of the introduction (who or what when and where) and summarize the evidence used in each paragraph that was used to answer the task. By writing “In conclusion,” the student tells the teacher that they are attempting to write a conclusion. Sometimes a students conclusion is so vague that the teacher does not know if it is a conclusion or part of the body paragraph. By using “In conclusion,” this removes the doubt from the teacher scoring the paper. Students should always start their conclusion with the words: In conclusion, Step 6.Creating the Conclusion to the essay.

24. Step 7.Incorporating Outside Information.

25. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. In Conclusion, throughout the history of the United States women were denied the same basic rights as men. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention which issued a declaration that said women were equal, the ratification of the 19th Amendment that gave women the right to vote, WWII and the need for women to work in factories, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that ended discrimination in employment, all helped women gain equal rights as men in the United States. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Paragraph One Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents Paragraph Two 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Introduction Step 7.Incorporating Outside Information. C I T A T I O N S Outside Information Conclusion

26. This is the list of outside information for scorers provided by NY State and used to grade the essay. Notice that this is not an all-inclusive list and any information that is relevant and not included in the documents qualifies as outside information. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Paragraph One Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents Paragraph Two 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Step 7.Incorporating Outside Information. Outside Information must be included in the body of the essay. DO NOT include outside information in the conclusion. The conclusion only restates and summarizes.

27. Outside information is a key aspect of the essay and greatly effects the score of the essay. This is scoring rubric used to grade this essay as it applies to outside information Step 7.Incorporating Outside Information.

28. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. In Conclusion, throughout the history of the United States women were denied the same basic rights as men. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention which issued a declaration that said women were equal, the ratification of the 19th Amendment that gave women the right to vote, WWII and the need for women to work in factories, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that ended discrimination in employment, all helped women gain equal rights as men in the United States. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Paragraph One Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents Paragraph Two 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Introduction Writing a DBQ Like Leonardo da Vinci C I T A T I O N S Outside Information Be Analytical when you write information in the body of the essay. Conclusion

29. The Seneca Falls Convention was an event that started the women’s rights movement. Women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott helped pass a Declaration similar to the Declaration of Independence declaring that women were equal to men. They listed inequalities between men an women and planned strategy that could be used to gain equality. They felt the right to vote was the most important inequality that needed to be corrected. They used various methods to gain suffrage…………………… The Seneca Falls Convention was an event that started the women’s rights movement. Many women met at Seneca Falls to discuss why women should have equal rights. They were upset that women did not have equal rights and looked to do something about it. Women also did not have the right to vote. They struggled for years and then the 19th Amendment was passed and they got the right to vote. Getting the right to vote really helped women…………… Being Analytical is a key aspect of the essay in getting a top score. The following passages from a body paragraph highlight the difference between being analytical verses being descriptive. Descriptive Analytical Being analytical means you do not simply list item, you explain how these items effected the history. You need to incorporate the cause and effect of the items you write about. Writing a DBQLike Leonardo da Vinci

30. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. In Conclusion, throughout the history of the United States women were denied the same basic rights as men. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention which issued a declaration that said women were equal, the ratification of the 19th Amendment that gave women the right to vote, WWII and the need for women to work in factories, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that ended discrimination in employment, all helped women gain equal rights as men in the United States. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Paragraph One Body Paragraph Two will explain the first part of the task and the student in the introduction has organized what information they will include from the documents. Paragraph Two 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Introduction Writing a DBQ Like Leonardo da Vinci C I T A T I O N S Outside Information Be Analytical when you write information in the body of the essay. Include relevant facts, examples and details without including inaccuracies Conclusion

31. This is an example of information that is not relevant and historically inaccurate. The Seneca Falls Convention was an event that started the women’s rights movement. Many women like Harriet Tubman met at Seneca Falls to discuss why women should fight for the North in the Civil War. They were upset that women did not have equal rights and looked to do defeat slavery in the South that way they could get prohibition passed. That is why Harriet Tubman wrote Little Women to detail the problems of female slaves in the South. The essay needs to include relevant facts, examples, and details without having historical inaccuracies. Writing a DBQLike Leonardo da Vinci

32. The essay needs a logical plan of organization; and must include an introduction and a conclusion that that are beyond a restatement of the theme Writing a DBQLike Leonardo da Vinci

33. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. In Conclusion, throughout the history of the United States women were denied the same basic rights as men. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention which issued a declaration that said women were equal, the ratification of the 19th Amendment that gave women the right to vote, WWII and the need for women to work in factories, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that ended discrimination in employment, all helped women gain equal rights as men in the United States. Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Introduction And a clear plan of organization C I T A T I O N S Paragraph One Correct information from the number of documents required Writing a DBQ Like Leonardo da Vinci Paragraph Two Outside Information Be Analytical when you write information in the body of the essay. Include relevant facts, examples and details without including inaccuracies Must develop all aspects of the task evenly and in depth Conclusion

34. The essay needs to develop all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by discussing what is required by the guidelines. This is the scoring if you do not use the required number of documents in your DBQ Example: The guidelines for this DBQ required the use of at least four documents. Below are the new scoring guidelines that went into effect in 2005 Writing a DBQLike Leonardo da Vinci

35. A DBQ written Like Leonardo da Vinci No mirror needed to read this version.

36. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. Step 1: Reading and understanding the directions page, historical context and the task. Step 2:The Students will answer the short answer part of the exam. Step 3: Organization of the documents as they relate to the task. • Discuss two ways in which women historically have not had the same rights as men • Identify and discuss two individuals, groups, and/or events that have helped women in their struggle for equal rights 1,2,3,5,7 A DBQ written Like Leonardo da Vinci: Summary 2,3,4,6,7 Step 4 :Creating an Introduction that also acts as the basis of organization for the essay. • Part I • This part of the introduction needs to tell the reader the following information: • Who and or What are you writing about? • When and where did it take place? • These are the essential questions part of an historical essay. When writing about the past a reader could be easily confused as to what you are writing about if these questions are not answered. Part II This part of the Introduction is created by using the Task and organized documents. Rewording the task and adding the essential points of the documents will tell the reader what question you will be answering and what you will write about to prove your answer (thesis statement).

37. Historically, women in United States have not had the same basic rights as men. Their social, economic, and political rights have often been denied. Women lacked the right of free expression, to vote or hold political office, and made up a small percentage of the workforce because they were expected to take care of the household.Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention, the ratification of the 19th Amendment, WWII, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women gain equal rights. • Paragraph one topic sentence: • Throughout the history of the US women did not have the same rights as men. • Topics covered: using the organized documents: • Women did not have the right to speak freely (doc. 1) • Lacked the right to vote (doc. 2) • Were unable to hold public office (doc. 3) • Expected to give up their jobs after WWII (doc. 5) • Didn’t work; expected to take care of home (doc. 7) • Paragraph two topic sentence: • Although women did not historically have the same rights as men, many individuals, groups and events helped women gain equal rights. • Topics covered: using the organized documents: • passage of the 19th amendment (doc. 2) • Seneca Falls Convention (doc. 3) • WWII and the need for workers (doc. 4) • Civil Rights Act of 1964 (doc. 6) • Increased women working by 2000 (doc. 7) • Discuss two ways in which women historically have not had the same rights as men • Identify and discuss two individuals, groups, and/or events that have helped women in their struggle for equal rights 1,2,3,5,7 2,3,4,6,7 Body Paragraph One will explain the first part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents. Body Paragraph Two will explain the second part of the task and the student uses the organization chart they created to determine what information will be included from the documents Step 5: Using the Introduction to organize the essay. A DBQ written Like Leonardo da Vinci: Summary

38. Example: In Conclusion, throughout the history of the United States women were denied the same basic rights as men. Yet, events like the Seneca Falls Convention which issued a declaration that said women were equal, the ratification of the 19th Amendment that gave women the right to vote, WWII and the need for women to work in factories, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that ended discrimination in employment, all helped women gain equal rights as men in the United States. Restates the introduction Summarizes the essay. Step 6: Creating a Conclusion to the Essay The Conclusion needs to restate part one of the introduction (who or what when and where) and summarize the evidence used in each paragraph that was used to answer the task. Always start the conclusion with the words: “In, Conclusion” it lets the person scoring the essay know that what you are writing is a conclusion no matter what you write. A DBQ written Like Leonardo da Vinci: Summary Step 7: Incorporating Outside Information The highest score you can receive without outside information is a two. Therefore you must be aware to include as much outside information as possible. The information though must be relevant. Do not include information unless you are sure it is historically correct.

39. A DBQ written Like Leonardo da Vinci: Scoring Summary

40. The Social Studies DBQ (Document based question) • On the DBQ your introduction is written as an historical essay. Since history is part of the social sciences your introduction is far different form the ELA. Your introduction can be long, it needs to tell the reader the historical context (part one: the who or what when and where) of the essay and like science you need a thesis. We create the thesis by incorporating the questions from the task with the outline documents telling the reader how you will prove your essay and answer the task (thesis statement). Do not start with a question or catchy phrase or quote. • On the DBQ you are repeating information. In the introduction you state how you will prove you answer to the task is correct (thesis statement). In the body paragraphs you write in detail about the items you stated in the introduction, and in the conclusion you restate the introduction and summarize the information you wrote about in the body paragraphs. Essentially you repeat the information three times. This is OK in a DBQ but not on the ELA. • On the DBQ you always start your conclusion with the words “In conclusion,”. This allows the scorer to know you are attempting to write a conclusion no matter how poorly your attempt at a conclusion is. • The ELA (English Language Assessment) • On the ELA your introduction is short and often starts with an attention grabbing phrase or question. • On the ELA you are encouraged not to repeat information. • You do not start your conclusion with the words “In conclusion,” A DBQ written Like Leonardo da Vinci: The differences between the ELA and the Social Studies DBQ Now we know how to write a DBQ!

41. Problems Students have writing a DBQ. How this approach helps solve many of the problems students have writing a DBQ. • They now have a plan of organization. • They now know how and when to start writing the essay. • They do can now understand the vocabulary of terms used by teachers to outline the essay. • They clearly can see the differences between the rules used to write an essay for the ELA and the social studies DBQ. • They understand the differences between simply describing documents and analyzing documents when answering the task. • They understand how a DBQ is graded and what is expected of them. • They understand that shopping lists of items are not considered an analysis of documents and they see the need to show the cause and effect of events. • They should receive a great deal of practice and can be taught the same way of writing a DBQ by all their teachers. • Students now have a standardized systematic approach that can be taught on all levels of the middle school that seamlessly transitions them to High School. Writing a DBQ Like Leonardo da Vinci: What does this systematic approach to the DBQ accomplish? They lack a clear plan of organization. They do not know how or when to start writing the essay. They do not understand the vocabulary of terms used by teachers to outline the essay. They get confused between the rules used to write an essay for the ELA and the social studies DBQ. This is especially true of the introduction and conclusion. They often describe documents rather than analyzing how they fit into answering the task. They do not understand how a DBQ is graded and what is expected of them. They often give shopping lists of items rather than analyzing and explaining the cause and effect events. They have limited practice and are often taught different ways of writing the DBQ by different teachers. Students need a standardized systematic approach that is taught on all levels of the middle school that seamlessly transitions them to High School.

42. PowerPoint Presentation, Information and formulation of the systematic approach to writing a DBQ prepared by: Michael Saccullo. Social Studies teacher Samoset Middle School, Sachem Central School District. How to write a DBQ Like Leonardo da Vinci