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9/30 Focus: Pharaohs established governments in Egypt where they had absolute power

9/30 Focus: Pharaohs established governments in Egypt where they had absolute power The Nile River helped unite the upper and lower kingdoms of Egypt Do Now: List geographic characteristics of the Nile River Valley. 10/1 Focus: The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs as a living god

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9/30 Focus: Pharaohs established governments in Egypt where they had absolute power

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  1. 9/30 Focus: • Pharaohs established governments in Egypt where they had absolute power • The Nile River helped unite the upper and lower kingdoms of Egypt • Do Now: • List geographic characteristics of the Nile River Valley

  2. 10/1 Focus: • The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs as a living god • Historians divide the history of ancient Egypt into three periods • Do Now: • What effect did the desert and cataracts on the Nile have on the development of Egyptian culture?

  3. Protected by natural barriers Warm Climate Floods were predictable Long Growing Season Rivers used for transportation Unpredictable flooding Fertile Soil No natural barriers allows cultural diffusion

  4. Ancient Egypt History and Government

  5. Unification • Early Egypt was divided into two kingdoms • Upper Egypt • Lower Egypt • Egypt was united in 3100 BCE by Menes • Made Memphis the capital • Established the first dynasty

  6. Ancient Egyptian History

  7. Old Kingdom • The Old Kingdom • Begins 2650 BCE • Time of Growth and Prosperity • Pyramids constructed • Pharaohs with absolute power establish strong governments

  8. Middle Kingdom • Difficult and turbulent time • Pharaohs began to lose power to local nobles • Invasions, famines, civil wars • Built fortress up and down the Nile • Traded with Greeks, Phoenicians, and others around the Mediterranean • Conquered by the Hyksos in 1650 BCE

  9. The New Kingdom • Hyksos defeated • Egyptians realized they needed a strong army • Took lands around them to serve as a buffer from invasion

  10. The Pharaoh • The King • Had absolute power • Pharaohs established dynasties • 31 dynasties • Was believed to be a god in human form • Had to perform religious rituals along with priests to ensure positive outcomes in daily life • Gov’t in Egypt was a theocracy: • a state ruled by religious figures Flashback: Were Sumerian rulers seen As Gods? No, their power came from the gods

  11. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon1336-1327 B. C. E. Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.

  12. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs • Hatshepsut • 1503-1482 BCE

  13. Egyptian Social Classes

  14. 10/3 Focus: • Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods which they believed were responsible for the annual flooding and other natural events. • The ancient Egyptians had a much more positive view of the afterlife then the civilizations in Mesopotamia • Do Now: • Explain how the Sumerians viewed their gods and their view of the afterlife

  15. Egyptian Social Classes • Class system was hierarchal • People with most power at the top • Least power on the bottom Flashback: Was the social structure in Mesopotamian civilizations such as Sumer organized in a similar manner ? Yes

  16. Hieroglyphics • Used picture symbols to represent objects, sounds, and ideas • Wrote on papyrus • Plant that grew along the Nile • The Rosetta Stone • Discovered in 1799 • Used to translate hieroglyphics Flashback: What was the Sumerian form of writing and what did they write on? Cuneiform was written on clay tablets

  17. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

  18. Egyptian Religion • Egyptians were polytheistic • Believed gods controlled natural events

  19. Egyptian Religion • Built temples and obelisks to honor the gods • Tall, thin pillar with a pyramid shaped top

  20. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: OsirisIsisHorus

  21. The Afterlife • Egyptians view of the afterlife was positive • Believed that when someone died the Ka (spirit) escaped and journeyed to the land of the dead

  22. The Afterlife • Egyptian Book of the Dead • Contained magic spells and rituals to assist the dead enter the afterlife

  23. Mummification • Designed to protect the dead body from decay and keep the Ka alive

  24. Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

  25. Pyramids • Tombs built for Egyptian rulers

  26. Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

  27. Routes of the “Sea Peoples”

  28. Closure • Why did Egyptians have a positive view of the afterlife? • What form of writing did the Egyptians use?

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