Jump Start

1. Jump Start • Name two things the North & South disagreed about, politically and why that disagreement existed. Think of Lifestyle, Occupations and Politics. • What was the biggest ideological difference between the two regions of the US? • How did immigration further separate the two regions?

2. The Slavery Debate Divides the Nation Sectionalism vs. Nationalism…Again

3. Slavery – Should It Spread? Wilmot Proviso : Slavery forbidden in territories won in Mexican War. North Supported ItSouth Opposed It No So. support on Canals/Roads Slaves property – Could travel Potential Competition for jobs Potential loss of other liberty Both Feared – Upset the balance of votes in Senate – Then California applies for statehood!

4. California Statehood Debate • Launches the nation into another round of mistrust • Wilmot Proviso still not passed – so no slavery yet in new territories of New Mexico & California. • California’s Constitution prohibits slavery – Requests admission as a Free State. • South feels betrayed – Missouri Compromise should have covered this – slavery below 36°30’ • Angry speeches are made all over the US.

5. Secession Becomes a Reality 31st Congress, December 1849 • Several issues divide the members - California’s statehood - Texas claims eastern New Mexico - North demands abolition in Washington DC - South threatens secession more often - No enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

6. Fugitive Slave Act • Any federal marshal who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave could be fined $1,000. • Runaway slave suspects could be arrested without warrant and turned over to a ‘claimant’ on nothing more than his sworn testimony of ownership. No right to trial. • Persons aiding a runaway slave was liable to six months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine. • Finders Fees to officers who ‘found’ escaped slaves

7. Northerners Act to Resist • “Vigilance Committees” helped get escaped slaves to Canada • Personal Liberty Laws 9 Northern states pass laws… NO IMPRISONMENT OF RUNAWAY SLAVES • Underground Railroad - Network of escape routes • Harriet Tubman – escaped outspoken former slave who helped over 300 slaves escape.

8. Henry Box Brown, Who Escaped from Slavery, Enclosed in a Box 3 Feet Long and 2 Wide.

9. Abolitionists Increase Pressure Uncle Tom’s Cabin A Novel Dramatized the evils of slavery Sold over 1 Million Copies in 1 year Southerners wrote novels too, but none convinced anyone that slavery was good. South feared abolitionists even more

10. Clay’s Compromise of 1850 • California is admitted as a free state • Utah & New Mexico decide slavery for themselves Concept of Popular Sovereignty emerges • Texas border with Mexico settled – slavery limited to current borders of Texas. • Fugitive Slave Law strengthened • Compromise of 1850 is NOT PASSED IN CONGRESS!!!

11. ‘Compromise’ Torch is Passed • Clay dies, frustrated ; Calhoun dies and South’s biggest opponent of compromise is gone. • Pres. Zachary Taylor Dies and Millard Fillmore becomes President – supports compromise. • Senator Stephen ‘Little Giant’ Douglas – Illinois 5’ 4”tall takes up the Compromise battle in Congress.

12. Compromise is Short Lived… • Everyone thinks compromise ends the crisis • Now the battle is over enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law. • Underground Railroad is born & North resists returning the slaves.

13. Homework Write a four paragraph (1 page) essay on why relations between the north and south were deteriorating from 1845-1850. Focus on the following topics and use class notes, textbook , and internet (note sources) to find information. 1) Expanding the nation’s borders and admitting states to the union. 2) Northern vs. Southern views of slavery Assignment Due Tuesday 1/20/09.