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US commitments under the UNFCCC

US commitments under the UNFCCC. Supply and use of energy in the US. COP 6 unnecessary failure a t The Hague. How far from Kyoto is the US. Comparing Kyoto Protocol burden. US commitments under the UNFCCC. General commitments for all Parties (Art.4.1)

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US commitments under the UNFCCC

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  1. US commitments under the UNFCCC Supply and use of energy in the US COP 6 unnecessary failure at The Hague Howfar from Kyoto is the US Comparing Kyoto Protocol burden R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  2. US commitments under the UNFCCC • General commitments for all Parties (Art.4.1) • Common but differentiated responsibilities (Art.3.1) • Special commitments for industrialized Parties -adopt policies and take measures to mitigate limiting its anthropogenic emissions of GHG -developed countries are taking the lead to modify long term trends -communicate detailed information on such policies and measures -aiming to return, individually or jointly, to 1990 levels of emission • Provide financial resources and transfer of technology R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  3. Selected IEA Energy Indicators 1998 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  4. Selected IEA Energy Indicators 1998 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  5. Selected IEA Energy Indicators 1998 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  6. Selected IEA Energy Indicators 1998 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  7. Canada 16348.68 USA 13388.11 Australia 9718.89 Japan 8008.33 OECD 7751.12 France 7175.10 Germany 6481.51 U.K 5800.11 Czeck R 5604.47 Russia 4873.11 Netherlands 4596.24 Poland 3206.56 World 2252.30 Romania 2107.85 Argentina 1963.93 Brazil 1850.78 China 871.91 India 415.75 Electric Energy Consumption 1998kWh per capita (IEA) R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  8. COP 6 “unnecessary” failure at The Hague • The Kyoto Protocol is a modest step toward mitigation, it is not the solution to climate change • The target is 5.2 % reduction below 1990 (Art.3) • According national communications gross emissions in 1998 were 7.8 % below 1990 • Germany –16.1 %, UK -8.9 % • Sweeden + 31.8, Spain + 23.2 %, Austria + 9.7, Netherlands + 8.4% • US + 21.8%, Canada + 17.1%, Japan + 8.5 % • Eastern European 50.1 % R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  9. Howfar from Kyoto is the US • Figures don’t suggest lack of energy in the US • It has been said that coal is needed for electric generation • There are other sources of CO2 as transport and cement production and CO2 is not the only GHG • Methane and N2O were always accounted • HFC, PFC and SF6 were added to the GHG basket at the US request • Flexibility mechanisms were also added to KP • Developing countries mitigation action R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  10. Comparing Kyoto Protocol burden • IPCC’s TAR estimated costs to implement KP don’t include sinks, non CO2 gases or CDM • With full trading among Annex B, estimated costs are between 0,1 and 1.1% of projected GDP • According the IMF the burden of developing countries foreign debt services on their GDP in 1998 was Indonesia 9.5 % Malaysia 7.6 % Argentina 6.3 % Brazil 4.7 % India 2.9 % China 2.1 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  11. Selected Energy Indicators for 1996 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  12. Selected Energy Indicators for 1996 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  13. Selected Energy Indicators for 1996 R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  14. R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

  15. Supply and use of energy in the US R.A. Estrada-Oyuela PEW CENTER Washington DC

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