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Perception

Perception. Tamara Arrington COM 252 University of Kentucky & BCTC. Communication and Perception Perception is how I/you look at the world as individuals Basically the study of perception shows that we all see differently. Why?

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Perception

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  1. Perception Tamara Arrington COM 252 University of Kentucky & BCTC

  2. Communication and Perception • Perception is how I/you look at the world as individuals • Basically the study of perception shows that we all see differently. Why? • Sexual orientation? Age? Culture? Self Concept? Religion? Gender?Political party?

  3. Perception and the Women What do you see? Now to the next slide. What do you see? First impression.

  4. Perception and the Vase or ? So, what do you see? Can you see both at the same time? Why or why not?

  5. So, what have we learned so far about perception? • At least: • We can focus on only one thing at a time. • We see what we are. • Anything else? • The next slide adds to the list.

  6. Accuracy and Inaccuracy of Perception • Is influenced by: • First impression • That which is obvious • Similar to us • Negative • Blaming the victim • Stereotypes • Attribution error • Health or Fatigue • Age • Biological cycles • Mood • Sex and Gender Roles • Occupation • Culture

  7. So, do men and women see differently or have unique perceptual screens? Why? How? In other words, is perception biological or cultural? Does it matter? Why? How does perception affect communication between men and women?

  8. 3 Stages of Perception • Selection – selecting only certain stimuli (we would have overload if we didn’t) – often influenced by intensity, contrast, or CHANGE • Organization – categorizing and sorting (like cubby holes in a mailroom) • Interpretation – attaching meaning in an effort to “make sense” of it

  9. Filters Affect how we organize, process, and perceive information

  10. 4 Types of Filters • Physiological – what we are physically able to perceive • Psychological – predisposition to respond in a certain way • Position in Space – location in time and space • Past Experience – we perceive what we learn to perceive

  11. Expectations & Ideals Expectations – what you think/imagine will happen Ideals - The way you think people should behave and how “things ought to be”.

  12. The Obvious • Intense • Unusual • Repetitious • Attention-grabbing

  13. Your Past Expectations of how people do behave and what you expect of others in a given situation College education Past relationships Travel

  14. Self-Concept Beliefs about who you are or would like to be and what you expect of others in this situation www.myjanee.com/tuts/ filter/makemeugly.jpg

  15. Expectations & Obligations What you think others expect of you in this situation

  16. Sentiments Your loyalties, prejudices, likes, and dislikes of individuals or groups

  17. Stereotyping Applying generalizations to everyone (generally negative) The average Kentuckian? Al Jolson in blackface

  18. Stereotyping is a Four-Step Process • Begins by categorizing people into groups • Infer that all people in a category possess similar traits or characteristics • Form expectations of others and interpret their behavior according to stereotypes • Stereotypes are maintained

  19. First ImpressionsHalo-Effect Regarding things in a more positive regard based on first impressions

  20. Fact/Inference Confusing the “known” with the “believed”

  21. Primacy/Recency We remember that which occurred first & last

  22. How can we perceive others more accurately?

  23. Perception Checking • Describe the behavior • Give two possible interpretations of that behavior • Request clarification about how to interpret that behavior.

  24. Empathy “the ability to recreate another person’s perspective, and to experience the world from his/her point of view”

  25. Empathy • Perspective taking • Emotional contagion • Genuine concern The “empathy belly” www.shalinibosbyshell.com/ html/about_shalini.html

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