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Ch. 25 Carbon and Its Compounds

Ch. 25 Carbon and Its Compounds. 25-1: The Element Carbon. Importance of Carbon. Carbon forms the backbone of nearly every molecule living organisms make or use. Allotropes of Carbon. allotropes: forms of the same element that have different bonding patterns or arrangements Diamond:

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Ch. 25 Carbon and Its Compounds

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  1. Ch. 25 Carbon and Its Compounds 25-1: The Element Carbon

  2. Importance of Carbon • Carbon forms the backbone of nearly every molecule living organisms make or use.

  3. Allotropes of Carbon • allotropes: forms of the same element that have different bonding patterns or arrangements • Diamond: • Each carbon atom bonds to 4 other carbon atoms. • Extremely strong and hard bonds (hardest natural substance on Earth) • Uses: jewelry, coat some surfaces, cutting tool

  4. Allotropes of Carbon • Graphite: • Carbon atoms arranged in sheets or layers, held together by weak attractive forces • Soft, comes off in sheets • Uses: pencil “lead”, lubrication (graphite spray)

  5. Allotropes of Carbon • Amorphous carbon: • No predictable arrangement • Produced when carbon compounds decompose • Ex: charcoal, soot, bone black

  6. Allotropes of Carbon • Fullerenes: “Buckyballs” • Soccer ball shaped arrangement of carbon, consisting of alternating pentagons and hexagons. • Named for Buckminster Fuller, architect (see pg. 807). • Uses: medical research (AIDS), storage of hazardous materials

  7. Unique Bonding of Carbon • Smallest atom that is halfway filled with valence electrons • Forms exactly four short, strong, covalent bonds (can be single, double or triple covalent)

  8. Unique Bonding of Carbon • Forms long chain molecules (sugars, DNA, proteins, carbohydrates) {remember, it acts a backbone for molecules} • Why is carbon not diatomic? • It would have to have a quadruple bond, which is too unstable to exist.

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