Teaching Advanced Phonics with the Seven Syllable Types

1. Teaching Advanced Phonics with the Seven Syllable Types Cynthia Santosuosso October 17, 2013

2. Objectives • Examine the seven syllables types • Choose appropriate cutting patterns when teaching syllabication • Determine how learned skills will be applied in the classroom setting

3. Agenda • Background on syllables • The seven syllable types and 5 cutting patterns • Classroom application

4. BACKGROUND

5. Sound/Symbol Organization • 20 Vowel Sounds +24 Consonant Sounds 44 Total Speech Sounds

6. Facts about Predictability in Spelling • 50% of words are predictable by rule. • 36% of words are predictable by rule with one error. • 10% of words will be predictable with word origin and morphology taken into account. • Fewer than 4% of words are true oddities. • From Hanna, Hanna, Hodges, and Rudorf (1966)

7. Why Teach Syllables? • To “chunk” unfamiliar words accurately and quickly: reincarnation; accomplishment • To distinguish similar words: scarred – scary ripping – ripening slimmer – slimy • To remember spelling: written, writing grapple, maple misspelled, accommodate

8. Speech and Writing are Different • The syllable breaks that seem natural in speech do not guide conventions for dividing written syllables. • Syllable spelling patterns are cues to vowel pronunciation (short, long, diphthong). scared /scarred biter/ bitter

9. K-1 Phonics • Consonants • Digraphs • Short vowels • Silent e • Initial and final consonant blends • R-controlled vowels • Vowel teams • Dipthongs • Open/closed syllables • Multi-syllable words

10. What is a syllable?

11. What is a syllable? • “A syllable is a word or a part of a word with one talking vowel.” • -Project Read

12. Rules about syllables • Every syllable has one vowel sound • The number of vowel sounds in a word equals the number of syllables. • A one syllable word is never divided. • weak, feet, choice

13. How many syllables do these words have? napkin Atlantic bandit distinct frantic fantastic

14. How many syllables??? napkin (2) Atlantic (3) bandit (2) distinct (2) frantic (2) fantastic (3)

15. The Seven Syllable TypesThe Five “Cutting Patterns”

16. Syllable type: Closed

17. Syllable Type: Closed • A closed syllable is a syllable that ends in a consonant sound or sounds. It usually has a short vowel sound. Sample words with closed syllables: staff ab / sent kit / ten it • Closed syllables account for almost half of the syllable types in text! This skill is introduced first, in grade 1. • We mark a the short vowel in a closed syllable with a breve ˘

18. Example: cat

19. Which are Closed Syllables?Use a breve (˘) to mark the closed syllables. pem raiz at ve stips mi ep utch prau

20. Which are Closed Syllables? pem raiz at ve stips mi eputchprau

21. Cutting Pattern: VCCV

22. VCCV • The vccv pattern is usually cut between the two consonants. 1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v). 2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonants between the vowels. 3. Cut the word according to the pattern. 4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel. 5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together.

23. Example combat

24. Let’s Practice! picnic attic fantastic frantic Atlantic drastic

25. How do we syllabicate vccv? pic/nic at/tic fan/tas/tic fran/tic At/lan/tic dras/tic

26. Syllable Type: Open

27. Syllable Type: Open • An open syllable is a syllable that ends in a long vowel sound spelled with a single vowel letter. • Sample words with open syllables me no she i / dol ri / val ti / tle • We mark a long vowel sound with a macron ¯

28. Example: she

29. Which are Open Syllables? Use a macron (¯) to mark the open syllables. ro me eam pro strupe eng du si hupe

30. Open Syllables ro me eam pro strupe eng dusi hupe

31. Cutting Pattern: VCV

32. VCV • The vcv pattern is often divided after the first vowel. It can also divide after the consonant. 1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v). 2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonant between the vowels. 3. Cut the word according to the pattern, place a dotted line after the first vowel. 4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel. 5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together, adjust if necessary.

33. VCV Example menu

34. Let’s Practice prevent acrobat rapid robot request lavish

35. How do we syllabicate VCV? pre/vent ac/ro/bat rap/id ro/bot re/quest lav/ish

36. Syllable Type: Silent E

37. Syllable Type: Silent E • A Vowel-Consonant-e syllable includes a vowel immediately followed by one consonant and the silent letter e. • Sample words with Vowel-Consonant-e syllables: tune com / plete in / side note / book • Vowel-Consonant-e syllables generally have long vowel sounds. To mark the silent e syllable, mark the long vowel with a macron, ¯, and slash the silent e, /.

38. Example swipe

39. Which are silent e syllables?Use a macron (¯) to mark the long vowel and slash (/) the silent e. Also known as the “magic e.” zope bame throige cupe stoove zine pake beace

40. Silent e zopebame throige cupe stoove zine pake beace

41. Syllable Type: R-controlled

42. Syllable Type: R-controlled • A vowel -r syllable includes vowels immediately followed by the letter r in the same syllable. • ar, or, er, ir, ur • Sample words with vowel -r syllables: car / pet mem / ber thir / sty im / port • The pronunciation of vowels within vowel -r syllables can be difficult for students. • To mark the r-controlled syllable, use a tilde, ~.

43. Example: corn

44. Which are R controlled Syllables?Use a tilde (~) to mark the r-controlled syllable. nar pert mor fire Cairo fer ur zor irk sire four

45. R-controlled nar pertmor fire Cairo fer urzor irk sire four

46. Schwa-An added bonus

47. Schwa • Schwa rules: • It makes a syllable weak. • It makes the short u sound. • It is marked with Examples: label canyon pedal bacon pilot

48. Syllable Type: -CLE

49. Syllable Type: -Cle • A consonant -le syllable ends with a consonant immediately followed by -le. Sample words with consonant -le syllables: lit / tle puz / zle spar / kle mud / dle • The pronunciation of consonant -le syllables helps students improve pronunciation and spelling. • To syllabicate, count back three from the end and mark. • To mark –cle, insert the schwa symbol and slash the silent e (/).

50. Example: apple