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Chapter 25: The Industrial Revolution

Chapter 25: The Industrial Revolution. The Agricultural Revolution…. …was a cause of the Industrial Revolution Crop rotation Similar to medieval 3 field system After planting crops that used the soil’s nutrients, they planted root crops to restore nutrients

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Chapter 25: The Industrial Revolution

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  1. Chapter 25: The Industrial Revolution

  2. The Agricultural Revolution… • …was a cause of the Industrial Revolution • Crop rotation • Similar to medieval 3 field system • After planting crops that used the soil’s nutrients, they planted root crops to restore nutrients • What advantage does this give farmers? • Enclosures • Larger fields where landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods • This forced small farmers out to find jobs in the city • Shift from domestic system to factory system

  3. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

  4. What do you think is going on in this picture?

  5. The Beginning of the Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution • The shift of making goods by hand to making them by machine • Factors of production • All the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required • Land, labor, capital

  6. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? • In what places was there fighting during the 1700s and 1800s? • Britain had political and military stability • Extensive natural resources • Many natural harbors • Water power and coal to fuel new machines • Iron to build machines, tools, and buildings • Rivers for transportation of goods inland • Large population of workers • Why is this important? • Growing economy

  7. Improvements in Transportation • 1774—James Watt begins building better steam engine • Funded by entrepreneurs, people who organize, manage, and take on the risks of a business • Robert Fulton and the Clermont • 1807—First successful steamboat trip • John McAdam’s roads • Turnpikes • One other important improvement?

  8. Effects of the Railroad Boom • Introduction of steam-driven locomotive leads to: • Giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport raw materials and finished products • Creation of hundreds of thousands of new jobs for railroad workers and miners…why miners? • Boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries • Encouraged country people to take distant city jobs…what about the effect on city people? • Industrial Revolution brought rapid and unsettling changes to people’s lives

  9. Questions to Think About • Why was population growth in Britain both a positive and a negative? • What is urbanization? • Why did it start? • What abuses came out of the Industrial Revolution? • Very poor living and working conditions!

  10. Economic Philosophies • Capitalism • Economic system where factors of production are privately owned • What is the goal? • What is ignored? • Adam Smith • Economist who said that economic freedom guaranteed economic success • The Wealth of Nations • 3 Natural Laws • Self-interest • Competition • Supply and demand • Laissez faire • Let the owners of businesses set working conditions without interference • Role of the government? Why?

  11. Movement Toward Communism • Utilitarianism • Jeremy Bentham • Government should promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people • Socialism • Is NOT communism • Factors of production are owned by the state and operated for the welfare of all • Karl Marx: Radical Socialism • The Communist Manifesto • “Every person according to their need” • Communism is a form of complete socialism • All goods and services are shared equally • Private property wouldn’t exist—complete equality

  12. Economic System Comparison Capitalism Socialism Individuals and businesses own means of production People look out for their self-interest Competitionis key Government should not interfere with the economy The government owns the means of production Community of producers cooperate for everyone’s good Government must protect workers Distribute goods according to each person’s need; equality No private property

  13. The Reform Movement • Unions • Voluntary labor associations • Reactions? • What do they do? • How do they do it? • Strike • Refuse to work • Collective bargaining • Direct negotiations between workers and bosses • Parliament passes laws to better society • Gradual decrease and elimination of child labor • Abolition of slavery in British empire in 1833 • Move toward universal public education

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