Launching the New Deal

1. Launching the New Deal Honors US History Chapter 13 Mr. Brink

2. 1932 ELECTION • 1 out of 4 was unemployed… • nat'l income was 50% of what it had been in 1929 • Repubs. nominated Hoover  no hope • winner by a landslide = FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (Dem - N.Y. governor)

3. Political Partnership –fireside chats

4. The New Deal • this was the name FDR gave to his new program to fight the Depression • it was a revolutionin American society - changed completely the way the gov't functions • Reform minded like Progressives • Believed the government needed to take direct action to help the people

6. Eleanor Roosevelt His eyes and ears – Why? Influenced many social issues Changed the role of the First Lady

7. The Hundred Days Three goals 1. Relief- 2. Recovery- 3. Reforms-

8. Roosevelt Takes Action the first phase of the New Deal dealt exclusively w/ eco. reform - unlike Hoover, FDR believed gov't legislation/involvement was crucial to stimulate the economy step 1 - dealt w/ the banking crisis - BANKING HOLIDAY- banks shut down and subject to gov't inspection, allowed to open when "healthy"- people's confidence returned  they redeposited, allowing banks to invest in the economy (Emergency Banking Act) Glass-Steagall Act created the FDIC

9. step 2 - stock market reform- Security Exchange Commission est. to police the NYSE (first chmn. was Joseph P. Kennedy)- practice of buying on margin was regulated • step 3 - to put more $ in circulation, FDR went off the GOLD STANDARD (gov't could print more $ than Fort Knox gold reserves would allow)- w/ more $ in circulation, wages and prices increased (= inflation), causing dollar value to lower- gave gov't spending power (Keynesian economics)

10. Martha Stewart

11. AGRUCULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT (AAA) - passed in 1933 to aid formers- its objective was to restore farmers' purchasing power and to restore the family farm - AAA had farmers cut back on crop production by paying them equivalent SUBSIDIES (paid not to produce) - bad side: • 1) food production down when millions were starving • 2) Black sharecroppers were hurt: white landowners paid not to farm so they got rid of Black tenant formers • in 1935, AAA was declared unconstitutional by courts (too much control over individual states), so it was revised and introduced as new legislation • EX: Food Stamp Act of 1939 - gave away surplus food to poor, also guaranteed (small) farmers a market

12. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) - used to promote hydroelectric power, control flooding - lower rates  private industry, manuf. fertilizer fed. gov't. took ownership (nationalization v. privatization)

13. UNEMPLOYMENT - still a major problem • FDR like Hoover was wary of gov't handouts - he wanted people to earn their keep so gov't agencies were created - temporarily - to address the unemp. problem • CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) - in 1933 - set to establish work for young men (18-25) in areas of reforestation, soil conservation, flood control, road construction - also took them out of urban labour markets - but Blacks not permitted to enrol

14. SPECIFIC PIECES OF LEGISLATION (direct gov't intervention in the eco.)(called "Alphabet Soup") • NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT (NIRA) and NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMIN (NRA) were established to end animosity b/n labour and business  all was redirected to industrial growth  fair labour codes established - wages, no child labour, shortened work hours- business people challenged the NRA, claiming it was communist • they formed the LIBERTY LEAGUE - at LL's urging, the Supreme Ct. overturned the NIRA & NRA, claiming that fed. gov't was exceeding its authority (by interfering in state jurisdiction)

15. Trouble for the New Deal Huey P. Long Father Charles Coughlin Dr. Francis Townsend American Liberty League

16. The Second New Deal Honors US History 13.2 Mr. Brink

17. Emergency Relief NEW DEAL - SOCIAL REFORM ASPECT- after 1935, w/ immediate economic relief & reform addressed, New Deal turned to Social Welfare - more legislation... Emergency Relief Appropriations Act People should now work for pay WPA – 1935 Largest peacetime jobs program in US history Employed 8.5 million total (3.4 million at its peak) Cost $11 Billion What did it do?

19. The WPA “Dollar”

20. Artists of the WPA

21. The Annual Moveby Otis Dozier, 1936

22. Social Security Act (1935)- feared by opponents as "creeping socialism"- this act typifies the WELFARE STATE - unemployment insurance, old age pensions Problem: it took some $ out of circulation (payroll deductions) at a time when purchasing power was already low- also, it only covered the unemployed 1936 - "Soak The Rich" tax

24. The Election of 1936 Rural Electrification Act ELECTION OF 1936 - FDR won easily (v Repub. Alf Landon - Kansas governor) this victory gave FDR a mandate to continue his New Deal policies Democrats gained in both houses of Congress Democrats win 26 of 33 races for governor in States African-Am. Switch to Democratic Party

25. Reviving Organized Labor • NEW DEAL - SOCIAL REFORM ASPECT- after 1935, w/ immediate economic relief & reform addressed, New Deal turned to Social Welfare - more legislation... • National Labor Relations Act (aka Wagner Act)- it legitimized unions and labor tactics such as collective bargaining & collective action (strikes, etc...) - it outlawed BLACKLISTS & other anti-union practices • Established the NLRB (What impact on unions?) • Fair Labor Standards Act – 1938 – Did what? • CIO – new union for industrial workers • Founded by John L. Lewis • Used sit-down strikes

26. United States Supreme Court 1935 Schechter Poultry Corporation v. US United States vs. Butler How did these decisions impact the views of FDR?

27. A Troubled Year first objective: to reorganize the Supreme Court - they disallowed some New Deal legislation FDR wants # of judges changed from 9 15 (to "pack the court") - great opposition, so FDR w/drew this proposal but judges retired & FDR got to appoint new ones  they approved all New Deal legislation Farm Tenancy Act Supreme Court approves some of the New Deal

28. Effects of the New Deal Honors US History 13.3 Mr. Brink

29. Women Frances Perkins Ruth Bryan Owen Men still paid higher wages

30. African Americans William Hastie Black Cabinet Mary McLeod Bethune FDR on discrimination

31. Mary McLeod Bethune

32. Native Americans Indian New Deal Indian Reorganization Act 1939 What did it accomplish

33. Role of Government Expands Federal Government expands/more active …. How? Larger Role in the economy Employer Socialism ??? Wagner Act Rural America Welfare State Environment

34. Presidency Increased executive power Use of media – especially ________ Commander in chief Concerns?? Led to the ______________________ What did it do?

35. Culture of the 1930’s13.4

36. What Industries in the United States would be “Recession-Proof?”Popular EntertainmentMovies

37. Movie Palaces -Fox San Francisco Theater Made moviegoers feel rich – even if only for a few hours

38. Color Movies – What the peck?

39. Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire

40. Frank Capra Mr. Deeds Goes to Town Mr. Smith Goes to Washington It’s a Wonderful Life

41. Charlie Chaplin Modern Times – comedy looking at serious subject of the dehumanizing effect of industrial life.

42. The Marx Brothers

43. Gothic Horror

44. Radio Religion Music Sports News Entertainment shows –ex. Lone Ranger

45. “The War of the Worlds” - 1938

46. Music Jazz Swing Benny Goodman

47. New Deal Public Art-Federal Art Project

48. Kansas Cityfrom Politics, Farming, & the Law Thomas Hart Benton,1936

50. Coit Tower San Francisco