Western & Eastern U.S. 1870-1900

1. Western & Eastern U.S.1870-1900 By Myles For Mr. McCarthy

2. People Of The East • Miners • Businessmen – Carnegie, Rockefeller • Factory workers

3. Industry Of The East • Oil • Steel • Factories • Inventions

4. Industrial Revolution • 1865-1920 • Coal, Steel, Iron • Pittsburgh, Birmingham, Chicago, Gary, Cleveland, Detroit • Railroad hubs: Chicago, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Atlanta

5. Inventions • Light bulb: Thomas Edison in 1879. • Telegraph: Samuel Morse in 1800s. • Barbed wire: Joseph E. Glidden in 1873. • Motion pictures: Thomas A. Edison in 1893. • Coca-Cola: 1886 • Cotton Candy: 1897 • Combines: late 1800s • Telephone: 1876

6. Steel Industry • By 1850, steel made more cheaply • Steel needed for railroad tracks • Many steel mills built • Carnegie bought a lot of them

7. Oil Industry • Grease and kerosene for lamps • Refineries made to turn oil into products people use • Rockefeller bought most refineries • He had a monopoly

8. Ellis Island • Chinese immigrants – to California during Gold Rush • Mexican immigrants to Texas and West • European immigrants – largest group: Italy, Greece, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Armenia, Russia • Ellis Island accepted immigrants in 1892 • Worked factory jobs

9. Tenements • Apartment houses • Poorly built • Crowded • No windows • Different families • Diseases • Garbage • Rats and insects

10. Labor Day • September 5, 1882 in New York City • Break from long work hours • 10 hour work days • Young children worked full time

11. Transcontinental Railroad • Union Pacific Railroad built from Nebraska west • Connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts • Central Pacific Railroad built from California east • The two met at Promontory, Utah

13. People Of The West • Settlers • Homesteaders • Cowboys • Native Americans

14. Animals & Crops Of The West • Beef Cattle • Horses • Rye • Corn • Potatoes • Wheat

15. Gold Rush • Jan 24, 1848 – James Marshall discovers gold • Led to new towns being developed westward • By 1849, thousands of people leave to travel to California (“Forty-Niners”) • San Francisco averages thirty new houses a day • Gold runs out, but entrepreneurs stay • Mining continues – big corporations

16. Homestead Act of 1862 • Anyone 21 years old could claim 160 acres of land • Had to build a house and farm for five years • By 1900, over 8 million acres were claimed • These settlers were called homesteaders. • Repealed in 1976 • Sod houses

17. Western Farmers and Settlers • Sod houses • Extreme temperatures • Insect problems – grasshoppers in 1874 • Windmills for water • Harvesting machines

18. Mule Powered Harvester

19. Native Americans • Made to move to reservations • War with Apaches to force them to move in 1850s – Geronimo • Indians forced to farm • Hard to grow crops • Way of life changed

20. Other Interesting Facts • 1874 – Buffalo hunted to near extinction • 1876 - First National League game • 1876 – Custer and the Battle at Little Bighorn • 1880 – Cameras with film inside • 1884 – World’s first true skyscraper built in Chicago • Labor Unions organized

21. West Farmers Newly settled land Newly established cities No factories East Businessmen, factory workers Established farms Older cities Factory work Differences

22. Similarities • All wanted a better life • Children in both parts of the country worked • Low wages unless you were a factory owner • Depended on each other for goods and services (railroad, steel factories) • Immigrants

23. What was the name of the railroad that connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts?

24. Why did the West need more steel?

25. How did the East depend on the West?

26. Why was the railroad important?

27. What do you think was the most important invention of that time?Why?

28. If you had to choose, would you have been a farmer/homesteader or a factory worker?Why?