Steen Lau Jørgensen Director, Social Development World Bank

1. The Social Dimensions of Development Effectiveness:The Draft World Bank Social Development Thematic Strategy Steen Lau Jørgensen Director, Social Development World Bank

2. In 2002 an illiterate woman took part in a CARE program to train communities how to monitor health services using a community score card: keeping track of drug supplies, and assessing the quality of service by staff. • She got very good at it… • How many drugs were supplied to the center? • How were given to patients? • How many were available? • How were staff treating patients? • Health staff know that they will be evaluated every six months • Ministry takes note of the evaluations • Change in performance is dramatic Drugs delivery was a huge problem throughout Malawi Complete turnaround in performance of this health center within 6 months when the score card exercise was repeated An example from Mchinji, Malawi…

3. The CARE program was expanded throughout Malawi • When the program was being introduced to other sectors through the Malawi Social Action Fund this illiterate woman was asked to present it • Clear • Articulate • Powerful An example from Mchinji, Malawi…

4. Cohesion: Strengthening community fabric so that members can work together The village in Mchinji worked together to solve problem Accountability: Developing ways for people to exercise voice to authorities An illiterate woman gave voice to community What is social development? Inclusion: Putting people at the center of development Involved an illiterate woman in Mchinji

5. A village A district A national program Why not the world? What is social development? One illiterate woman

6. Assets Assets and Capabilities for Poverty Reduction Institutions: Well-being Poverty reduction Social Financial Inclusive Cohesive Accountable Physical Human Natural

7. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Principles • Inclusion. Putting people at the center of development Providing equal access to opportunity • Cohesion. Strengthening communities so people can work together for common objectives and overcome divisions • Accountability. Developing ways for people to exercise voice to authorities, and for authorities to respond

8. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Many parts of the Bank contribute: • Social sectors (“Human Development”): health, education, social protection • Public Sector Management, poverty analysis • All these areas have existing strategies, what is missing is the bottom-up, understanding of the informal and formal institutions from the perspective of poor people = “social development” in the World Bank

9. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Areas of activity within Social Development: • Social Analysis • Participation and Civic Engagement • Community Driven Development • Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction • Social Safeguards

10. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Social analysis • E.g., how does opportunities for female migrant workers change local norms and culture, how is that relevant for development interventions? • E.g., what social norms about girls education are relevant for achieving universal primary education? • E.g., what is the likely social impact of land reform in Cambodia or Zambia? • How is a country evolving on the principles, i.e. tracking progress on inclusion, cohesion, accountability

11. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Participation and Civil Engagement • In Uganda, support public debates of policy changes proposed through dialogue with World Bank • In Albania, support legal changes in enabling environment for civil society • In Peru support publication of the Budget • In Philippines work on accountability and NGO enabling environment

12. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Community Driven Development • E.g., in Indonesia and Philippines, provide resources to communities that take initiatives to develop local development plans • Such programs are in 60+ countries with a volume of Bank support between 1 and 2 billion USD annually

13. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction • E.g., help rebuild infrastructure, economies and societies in Afghanistan, Congo, Somalia • E.g., carry out conflict analysis (Somalia, Nigeria) to study drivers of conflict and recommend policy changes

14. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Social Safeguards • E.g., protect interests of indigenous peoples and involuntarily resettled persons, making sure they benefit in appropriate ways from development interventions • Traditionally main entry point for SD staff, now about 20% of work

15. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Staffing: • Recognized as sector group within the Bank since 1997 • About 140 staff (out of 10,000 total), many (about 60) with anthropology or sociology background, but very diverse

16. How does the World Bank “do” social development? • Staffing (2): • About 25 staff in central unit • Rest in regional units headed by sector managers and under an ESSD Director (a few in research and World Bank Institute) • Half of social development staff are in country offices, reporting to Regional managers

17. Social Development Works • Review from World Bank Operations Evaluation Department shows that attention to social dimensions makes projects work better

18. Strategic Objective: Accelerate the trajectory • Heading in the right direction • Portfolio that includes SD increased (to about half in recent years) • Quality of attention to SD issues in other projects improved (85% of good quality up from 75 four years ago according to QAG) • Strategic priorities to go further: • Strengthen policy dialogue and lending • Improve project effectiveness – by mainstreaming and free-standing portfolio • Build on foundation of capacity building, advocacy and research

19. Increase Attention to SD in the Bank's Policy Dialogue and Policy-based Lending • Strengthen multi-stakeholder participation in development and monitoring of macro strategy documents (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, Medium Term Expenditure Framework, Bank Country Assistance Strategy) • Improve the social development content of policy analysis, working from positive experiences with Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) and social capital studies. • Improve content of policy-based lending • E.g., budget transparency conditionality, enabling community groups to manage public funds, improving transparency of bidding process

20. Improve theeffectiveness of Bank-supported investment projects A more systematic approach to social development and stronger follow-through: • Improve multi-stakeholder participation– to include better sustainability and monitoring by building into local planning processes; • Improve social analysis including efficiency improvements by relying on sector-wide and country-wide work, e.g. country social analysis and • Improve mainstreaming of SD concerns into Bank-financed projects and project components and nurture SD portfolio that is currently at about 8% of Bank lending.

21. Improve capacity building, advocacyandresearch • Align research priorities better with operational needs by supporting research that: • explores further the link between the social dimensions of development and economic growth, • refines indicators for social development, and • better evaluates the impacts of social development projects. • Sustain advocacy based on better aligned research and clarify the aspects of social development the Bank will address directly. • Strengthen capacity building

22. Next steps • Finalize Bank-wide business strategy – third quarter 2004 • Dissemination after final Executive Directors’ endorsement - possibly late 2004 early 2005

23. Key Questions…. • Do you agree with the principles of inclusion, cohesion and accountability? • What should the World Bank do to promote social development? • What scope is there for partnerships between the two Banks in this area?

24. “I will not wait” In a letter from Birmingham jail, Martin Luther King Jr.wrote: “How long are my people supposed to wait?… Human progress…takes the hard work of dedicated people like you and me, working together to advance human civilization… I will not wait…”