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AP WORLD HISTORY

AP WORLD HISTORY. PART 3 AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS 600-1500. TRADE. DISCUSS WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW! 5 W’S IMPORTANCE!. Big Picture ? s Discussion time. Do cultural areas, as opposed to states and empires, better represent history?

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AP WORLD HISTORY

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  1. AP WORLD HISTORY PART 3 AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS 600-1500

  2. TRADE • DISCUSS WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW! • 5 W’S • IMPORTANCE!

  3. Big Picture ?sDiscussion time. • Do cultural areas, as opposed to states and empires, better represent history? • Cultural areas are those that share a common culture. • Respect for geographical limitations not followed

  4. 2. How does change occur within societies? • Trading • Migrations • Invasions • Why are people moving around? • Impact? • Change occurs because of internal developments no external influences.

  5. 3. How similar were the economic and trading practices that developed across cultures? • Monetary Systems • Trade Routes • Trade Practices • How do they link up?

  6. 4.How does the environment impact human decision making? • How do states respond to environmental changes? • Do they move or send out raiding parties? • Are they able to respond quickly and successfully to environmental changes?

  7. Review of History Within Civilizations 600 CE-1450 • Classical Period collapses • Long distance trade increases • Caravans of Silk routes • Multi-ethnic Indian Ocean sailors • Trips across Sahara to West Africa • Trade in Mediterranean • Decentralization of Western Europe • Expansion of trading empires of Middle East and China

  8. Developments in Asia • 3 Major dynasties • Tang, Song, Ming • Developed Golden Ages • Influenced • Korea • Vietnam • Cambodia

  9. Tang(618-907 AD) • Emperor Xuanzong • Bureaucratic system (merit, civil service exams) • Military garrisons along trade routes and capital Xi’an • Tribute system (territories sent ambassadors and gifts “kowtow”) • Expanded into Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet, Korea • Golden Age • age of Buddhism • Footbinding • woodblock printing • Gunpowder • Paper Money • Magnetic compass • Poetry tells of daily life • Economy • Paper money • Letters of credit (flying cash) • Increased trade and cultural diffusion • Local warlords gained power and dynasty collapsed • Uighurs (nomadic Turks brought in the stop rebellions but eventually became attackers)

  10. Song (960-1279 AD) • Song Taizu • Used army and consolidated China • Similar rule as Tang • Capital in southern portion, Hangzhou • Wealth base on powerful navy and International trade • Golden Age • Moveable type (increased literacy) • Porcelain • Gunpowder used for military • Magnetic compass • Watertight bulkheads • Sternpost rudders for junks (merchant/battleships) • Iron production increased • Produced steel using water-driven-bellows to produce needed temp. • Introduction of champa RICE from Vietnam=population increase (115 million in 1200) • Peasant Rebellions and Mongols led to fall of dynasty

  11. Ming • 1368-1644 • Zhu Yuanzhang • Red turban rebellion against Mongols • Ended corruption and reestablished an authoritarian gov’t bureaucracy using eunuchs • Chengzu (son) • Imperial Palace (Forbidden City) constructed in Beijing (1406-1421) • Golden Age • Focused on Chinese culture • Zheng He • Sea expeditons led to increased trade • Fortified Great Wall • Expanded Canal System

  12. Religion • Nestorianism • Christianity w/difference based on holy trinity • Manicheans • Persian founder Mani used cosmology to explain conflict between light and dark, good or evil • Zoroastrianism • Persian • Islam • Buddhism • Mahayana: nirvana can be attained through faith alone • Chan/Zen: school of mahayana based on meditation and Dharma • Confucianism • Neo-Confucianism: Zhu Xi adapted Buddhist concepts to Confucian values. Expanded into Vietnam, Korea and Japan • Doaism

  13. Women • Confucian=subordinate • Under Tang: • Empress Wu Zhoa took over after husband’s death. • Considered fair-minded. • Footbinding • Strengthened Confucian ideas

  14. Korea Vietnam North subdued by Tang South rebelled Both absorbed agricultural ideas, schools of thought, and irrigation techniques. Maintained indigenous religions Women more active in society • Silla Dynasty • 668-935 • Unified Korea • Vassal state of Tang 7th century • Adopted Confucian values • Koryo Dynasty • 935-1392 • Copied chinese civil service exams • Bureaucracy • Slavery • Choson/Yi Dynasty • 1392-1910 • Established after Mongols left • Hermit Kingdom • 19th century term used for its closed door policy for foreigners • Cultural bridge btwn. China and Japan

  15. Japan • 4 main islands: isolation • Influenced by Korea and China • Yamato Clan • 5th century • First and only dynasty • Direct descendent of Amaterasu Shinto sun goddess • Prince Shotoku • Taika Reforms • Borrowed ideas on gov’t from Tang • Rejected confucianism • Grand Council of State –administrative districts • Heian Period • Fujiwara Family • Ruled Japan 794 after Shotoku’s death • Golden Age • Lady MurasakiTale of the Genji

  16. Feudal Japan • Developed same time as in Europe • Kamakura Shogunate • 1192 YoritomoMinamoto • Bakufu “Tent” system of gov’t • Shogun chief general • Daimyo (powerful land owners • Samurai (warrior/nobility) • Bushido (code of Behavior) • Zen Buddhism • Loyalty, courage, honor • Women were not held in high esteem, could not learn chinese • Kyoto Shogunate • 1333 Ashikaga • Onin War 1467-1477 threatened unity • Samurai gained immense respect-carry weapons and have last names

  17. Europe Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

  18. Europe • Dark Ages (476 AD -800) • End of Roman Rule in western Europe • Rise of Tribes (Franks, Saxons, vikings) • no books • no learning/education • Preserved by monks and muslims • no government • no common language • no unity

  19. Europe 6th century

  20. Middle Ages (800-1300) • 3 C’s (Clovis, Charles Martel, Charlemagne) • Feudalism • fiefdom= system of loyalties • Manorialism-self sufficient estate • Chivalry-code of conduct • Church-most powerful institution • political-economic-social organization • controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare • only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies • Crusades • Inquisition • tithe • 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Holy Roman Empire

  21. Treaty of Verdun 843

  22. FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

  23. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

  24. Parts of a Medieval Castle

  25. The Medieval Manor

  26. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

  27. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Bayeaux Tapestry

  28. Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer- dept. of royal finances • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

  29. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I • “Great Charter” • monarchs were not above the law. • kings had to consult a council of advisors. • kings could not tax arbitrarily.

  30. The Beginnings of the British Parliament • Great Council: • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. • eventually called Parliament. • by 1400, two chambers evolved: • House of Lords=nobles & clergy. • House of Commons=knights and burgesses.

  31. The Rise of European Monarchies: France • Capetians • 987 Hugh Capet selected after death of last Carolingian emperor. • Controlled Normandy, Brittany, Burgundy, Aquitaine • 1066 William of Normandy conquered England bringing territory with him. (Angevin Kingdom) –Hiundred Years’ War

  32. Holy Roman Empire • 800 Charlemagne 1st HRE • Saxons convert or be killed • Saxon King Widukind converted 785 • 962 Otto I proclaimed Holy Roman Emperor by Pope • Tensions between Pope and Emperor • 1075 Investiture Contest Controversy • Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV for attempting to name bishops • 1122 Concordat of Worms • Pope chooses spiritual leaders, Emperor chooses political leaders • Voltaire “neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire” • Secular German group of states • 1176 Frederick Barbarossa • Tried to enlarge empire through northern Italy • 1220-1250: Frederick II • King of Italy and German States • Promoted arts and science

  33. Italy • Controlled by Lombards • 773 Charlemagne took over Italy • Otto I combined Italy and Germany making HRE • 10th Century rise of City-States • Burghers rose in power • Trade with Muslims • Crusades • Banking Centers • Medici family • Venice + Genoa important cities

  34. Agricultural Revolution (after 900) • New inventions (harness for horses,3 field system, moldboard plow) • More food =more people= more trade routes = fairs =towns • Crusades-Holy Wars (1095- 1270) resulted in increased: • Trade, cultural diffusion, knowledge • Commercial Revolution(1500s) • New business practices (checks, banks) • Capital = $ exchanged instead of bartering • end of feudalism • Important trade cities (Venice, Hanseatic League)

  35. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

  36. Setting Out on Crusade

  37. Christian Crusades: East and West

  38. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall • Commercial Monopoly: • Controlled membershipapprenticejourneymanmaster craftsman • Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. • Controlled prices

  39. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

  40. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

  41. 1348 Bubonic Plague • trade declined • church lost power • 1/3 population died • Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453 • War between France and Britain over land • Thirty Years’ War 1618-1648 • Between German Princes and Holy Roman Empire over religion • Treaty of Westphalia brought peace

  42. Europe-> Renaissance (1300-1650) • Rebirth of Classics • Greek and Roman • Golden Age • Begins in Italy b/c of: • Crusades • urban centers • wealthy merchants • humanism= focus on human achievements not just religion • Art focus=realism • Artists: • Michelangelo, da Vinci-most famous • Writers: • Machiavelli-The Prince (end justifies the means) rulers should do anything to gain and keep power. • Johannes Gutenberg-printing press-#books increase, vernacular, spread of ideas.

  43. Medieval Universities • Arose 11th century • Bologna, Paris, Oxford • 1st in Paris • Students subject to Church (town vs gown) • Granted charters • Studied art, law, medicine, theology • Received degree in levels • Bachelor • Master • Doctorate • Daily life equivalent to monastic life

  44. Oxford University

  45. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

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