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Czarist Russia

Czarist Russia. Reform And Repression. Key Individuals. Alexander II Years in Power 1855-1881 Reverted to a policy of repression in reaction to a nationalist uprising in 1863 This caused the seeds of discontent to grow further among different members of the population

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Czarist Russia

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  1. CzaristRussia Reform And Repression

  2. Key Individuals Alexander II • Years in Power 1855-1881 • Reverted to a policy of repression in reaction to a nationalist uprising in 1863 • This caused the seeds of discontent to grow further among different members of the population • Terrorist Bomb succeeded in assassinating Alexander II which surprisingly did not provoke a general uprising Alexander III • Takes power in 1881 • Russia seemed to move in a direction contrary to trends in Western Europe.

  3. Reforms • After Russia was defeated in the Crimean War, 1854-1856, demonstrated need for industrialization of the economy and modernization of the Army. • Under the rule of Alexander II, 1855-1881, difficult reform began. • The most significant change was the emancipation of 22.5 million serfs in 1861. • Peasants had to pay indemnity to the state for their emancipation.

  4. Crimean War

  5. Reactions to Reforms • Traditional peasant communes continued to control land usage and restrict the movement of peasants away from communal villages. • Peasantry was trapped in a poverty made worse by increasing population. • Railroad construction and associated industrial development led to growth of cities and to the creation of a new working class. • Workers experienced long hours with low wages and no protection by state legislation.

  6. Previous Slide Continued… • Working class leaders began to look favourably on Marx’s analysis of industrial capitalism and to a revolutionary solution to their oppression • When faced with criticism and discontent, and in reaction to political uprising in Poland in 1863, the Czar reverted to a policy of repression. • The repression forced the discontent to grow among the population.

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