Genocide in China

1. Genocide in China Melissa Arellano James Guan Foley Chien Derick Shaibi

2. Summary In 1949, The People’s Republic of China was established by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese Communist Party “advocates the public ownership of property, the annihilation of the exploiting class, and the establishment of proletarian, classless society in order to liberate all of humanity.”(Wu) “The Chinese Communist Party praises itself as the Party of the proletarian revolution, composed of the vanguard of the worker and peasant class.”(Wu) Even though the Chinese Communist Party drove the Nationalists out of power, which represented the exploiting class, they felt they needed to eliminate all classes of people from the old regime. To accomplish this goal, the Chinese Communist Party had people divided into groups based on “possession of land, capital, property, income, and other conditions of each individual (as well as the situation of their family members).”(Wu) In the countryside people were either in “the landlord class, the rich peasant class, the middle peasant class, or the poor peasant class.”(Wu) In the city people were either in the “bureaucrat bourgeois class, the capitalist bourgeois class, the big and petite bourgeois classes, and the worker class.”(Wu) After the backgrounds of everyone in China was determined, those in the landlords, rich peasants, and those in the bourgeois classes were all thrown into the “Black File” because they were considered a threat. All of their property was taken away and their working conditions were the poorest. These people and their children were told that what they have to do for the rest of their lives was to “obey the teachings of the Part, thoroughly remold themselves, and reform their thinking.”(Wu) “They were placed last in terms of academics, employment, promotions, and political treatment.”(Wu) People from the landlord and rich peasant class were beaten to death or were sent to the Laogai which was a prison and a forced labor camp. Criminals were sent to the Laogai for committing crimes such as theft or murder. But in this case people were sent to the Laogai just because they belonged to a particular group or class. At around 1949 there were about 10 to 15 million people belonging to the landlord and rich peasant class in China. By the end of the 1970s only 10 to 15 percent remained.(Wu)

3. December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976. lead the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949 in Beijing In 1921 he was a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party His most important socio-political programs were the Anti-Rightist Campaign, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution Mao as a great revolutionary leader whose thought is the highest expression of Marxism Said to be responsible of about 30 million deaths. Mao Zedong

4. Deng Xiaoping • August 22, 1904- February 19, 1997 • Deng Xiaoping took power in 1978 after Mao, focusing on economic reformation which have helped his country closer to capitalism. • served as the de facto leader of the People's Republic of China from the late 1970s to the early 1990s • Under his support, China developed one of the fastest growing economies in the world while keeping the Communist Party of China in tight overall control.

5. Headlines • China 'cross the Bay; Its Communist Conquest Need Not Be Final JOHN CHAMBERLAIN. Barron's National Business and Financial Weekly (1942-Current file). Boston, Mass.: Feb 9, 1953. Vol. 33, Iss. 6; p. 3 (2 pages) • Communism and Nationalism in China.Chang, C. M.. Foreign Affairs (pre-1986). New York: Jul 1950. Vol. 28, Iss. 000004; p. 548 (17 pages) • Other Side of the Truce; Must Peace in Asia Finally Lose China to Communism? JOHN CHAMBERLAIN. Barron's National Business and Financial Weekly (1942-Current file). Boston, Mass.: Apr 6, 1953. Vol. 33, Iss. 14; p. 5 (2 pages)

6. Speech, quotes • "But I do not think that when he spoke on July 2, 1959, he knew how bad the disaster had become, and he believed the party was doing everything it could to manage the situation" - on the great leap forward, due to the starvation and disasters that was happening. • "Although slaughter was not his purpose with the Leap, he Mao was more than ready for myriad deaths to result, and hinted to his top echelon that they should not be too shocked if they happened • "The Chinese people love Comrade Deng Xiaoping, thank Comrade Deng Xiaoping, mourn for Comrade Deng Xiaoping, and cherish the memory of Comrade Deng Xiaoping because he devoted his life-long energies to the Chinese people, performed immortal feats for the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation."

7. Maps • Map of China and its biggest cities.

8. Maps of linguistic groups. • Depicts areas under effective control of the Peoples’ Republic in China.

9. Foods • There are many different varieties of Chinese dishes. • There was a food shortage during the genocide that created great famine mainly due to overpopulation.

10. Languages Spoken during genocide • China's many different ethnic groups speak many different languages, collectively called Zhōngguó Yǔwén (中国语文), literally "Speech and writing of China" which mainly span six linguistic families. • Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the People's Republic of China • The phonology of Standard Mandarin is based on that of the Beijing dialect, which belongs to Mandarin, a large and very diverse group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China.

11. The spoken languages of modern Chinese nationalities belong to at least seven families: • The Sino-Tibetan family: 29 nationalities (including the Han, Tibetans, Zhuang, Miao(HMong), and Yao) • The Altaic family: 17 (including the Uyghurs, Mongols, and Manchu) • The Austroasiatic family: 4 (the De'ang, Blang, Gin, and Wa) • The Tai-Kadai family: several languages are spoken by the Dai people of Yunnan • The Indo-European family: 2 (the Russians and Tajiks) • The Austronesian family: 1 official nationality (the Gaoshan, who speak many languages), 1 unofficial (the Utsuls, who speak the Tsat language but are considered Hui.) • Language isolate: 1 (the Koreans)

12. Photojournalist • Mao Dun (July 4, 1896- March 27, 1981) was the pen name of Shen Dehong, a 20th century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and journalist. In 1927 he became the chief columnist of the Minguo yuebao. He wrote more than 30 editorials for this newspaper to criticize Chiang kai-shek, and to support revolutions. In 1949, the communist government took over and he was responsible for working as Mao Zedong’s secretary and Culture Minister until 1964. • Edgar Snow (17 Jul 1905 in Kansas City, Missouri, 15 February 1972 in Genève was an American journalist known for his books and articles on Communism in China and the Chinese Communist revolution. He is believed to be the first Western journalist to interview Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong, and is perhaps best known for Red Star Over China (1937) an account of the Chinese Communist movement from its foundation until the late 1930s. • Anna Louise Strong (1885 November 24-1970 March 29) was a twentieth-century “small C” communist American journalist. She is controversially known for her coverage of, and alleged support for, communist movements in Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People’s Republic of China. She wrote many books about Communist countries.

13. Role of the UN • The U.N was just established during communism in China. • U.N had no role in China’s genocide. • China is one of the 5 world powers in the U.N which included Great Britain, United States, France, and the Soviet Union.

14. Members of UN • The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories.

15. Bibliography • "China Maps." Maps of China. 2005. 28 Sept.- Oct. 2006 <www.maps-of-china.com>. • “Communism Journalists." Wikipedia. 29 Oct. 2006. 03 Nov. 2006 <www.wikipedia.com>. • "Great Leap Forward." Wikipedia. 2 Nov. 2006. 6 Oct.- Nov. 2006 <www.wikipedia.com>. • Wu, Harry. "Classicide-Genocide in Communist China." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 18 ( 2006): 121-135. ProQuest. Shatford Library, Pasadena. 4 Nov. 2006. Keyword: genocide and china.

16. Symbolic Emblem

17. Summary • In 1949, The People’s Republic of China was established by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese Communist Party “advocates the public ownership of property, the annihilation of the exploiting class, and the establishment of proletarian, classless society in order to liberate all of humanity.”(Wu) “The Chinese Communist Party praises itself as the Party of the proletarian revolution, composed of the vanguard of the worker and peasant class.”(Wu) Even though the Chinese Communist Party drove the Nationalists out of power, which represented the exploiting class, they felt they needed to eliminate all classes of people from the old regime. To accomplish this goal, the Chinese Communist Party had people divided into groups based on “possession of land, capital, property, income, and other conditions of each individual (as well as the situation of their family members).”(Wu) • In the countryside people were either in “the landlord class, the rich peasant class, the middle peasant class, or the poor peasant class.”(Wu) In the city people were either in the “bureaucrat bourgeois class, the capitalist bourgeois class, the big and petite bourgeois classes, and the worker class.”(Wu) After the backgrounds of everyone in China was determined, those in the landlords, rich peasants, and those in the bourgeois classes were all thrown into the “Black File” because they were considered a threat. All of their property was taken away and their working conditions were the poorest. These people and their children were told that what they have to do for the rest of their lives was to “obey the teachings of the Part, thoroughly remold themselves, and reform their thinking.”(Wu) “They were placed last in terms of academics, employment, promotions, and political treatment.”(Wu) • People from the landlord and rich peasant class were beaten to death or were sent to the Laogai which was a prison and a forced labor camp. Criminals were sent to the Laogai for committing crimes such as theft or murder. But in this case people were sent to the Laogai just because they belonged to a particular group or class. At around 1949 there were about 10 to 15 million people belonging to the landlord and rich peasant class in China. By the end of the 1970s only 10 to 15 percent remained.(Wu)