Purposes and Origins of Government: Functions, Types, and Role in Economic Systems

1. CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

2. LESSON 1: Purposes and Origins of Government • Essential Question: What are the purposes of government? • Content Vocabulary: anarchy, government, nation, state, country, sovereignty, divine right, social contract

3. Functions of Government • Anarchy is a state without government and laws • Government is an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control. • 1) Providing Leadership • 2) Maintaining Order • 3) Providing Public Services • 4) Providing National Security • 5) Providing Economic Security and Economic Assistance

4. Political Cartoon In January 2011, the Department of Homeland Security changed its early warning system for potential terrorist threats. Why do you think the Department of Homeland Security replaced the color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) with the newer, “black-and-white” system? Why do you prefer? Why?

5. Nation, State, and Country • Nation • Sizeable group of people who believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion. • Example: Kurds in Iraq (do not have their own country) • State – from Greek philosopher Aristotle • A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government (also a country) • Example: The United States of America • Sovereignty • Supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

6. Essential Features of a State

7. Origins of the State • Evolutionary Theory • State evolved from family (Ex. Abraham as patriarch) • Force Theory • Use of violence or threat of violence to gain control • Divine Right Theory • Chosen by a god or gods to rule (Ex. Monarchs • Social Contract Theory • States exist to protect and to serve its people • “state of nature” • Thomas Hobbes • John Locke • Natural rights • Social Contract made between people and their government to preserve their rights

8. LESSON 2: Types of Government • Essential Question: What principles guide different types of government? • Content Vocabulary: Unitary system, confederacy, federal system, constitution, constitutional government, authoritarian, totalitarian, dictatorship, oligarchy, monarchy, democracy, republic

9. Systems of Governments • UNITARY SYSTEM • Gives all key powers to the central government • Examples: Japan, France, and Bolivia • CONFEDERATE SYSTEM • A loose union of independent and sovereign states • Example: early United States; Confederate States of America during Civil War

10. Systems of Governments • FEDERAL SYSTEM • Divides the powers of government between the national and state or provincial government. • Advantage: How it shares power among different levels while still having more centralized power • Disadvantage: Each level of government can make its own laws • The United States has Federal System!!!!

12. Constitutional Governments • A constitution is a plan that provides the rules for government. • Sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share • Establishes the basic structure of government and defines the government’s powers and duties • Provides the supreme law for the country • May be written or unwritten • United States has the oldest written constitution (1787)

13. Constitutional Government • A government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern. • LIMITED Governments

14. Major Types of Government • Governments may be classified according to who governs the state • In an autocracy, such as a dictatorship or absolute monarchy, power and authority reside in a single individual. • In an oligarchy, such as a communist country, a small group holds power in the government. • In a democracy, such as the United States, the people hold the sovereign power of government.

16. Principals of Democracy • Citizen Participation • Regular Free & Fair Elections • Accepting the Results of Elections • The Rule of Law • Majority Rule with Minority Rights • Accountability • Transparency • Limited Government and Bill of Rights • Control of the Abuse of Power • Economic Freedom • Equality • Individual or Human Rights • Independent Judiciary • Competing Political Parties

17. LESSON 3: The Role of Government in Economic Systems • Essential Question: What is the role of government in different types of economic systems? • Content Vocabulary: Economics, capitalism, free market, free enterprise, laissez-faire, mixed economy, socialism, democratic socialist, command economy, bourgeoisie, proletariat, communism

18. Fundamentals of Economics • Economics is the study of how people and nations use their limited resources to attempt to satisfy wants and needs. • In every society, governments guide economies. • Factors of Production: • Producers, Distributors, Consumers, Labor, Resources, Capital, Entrepreneurs

19. Capitalism • An economic system that emphasizes private ownership of the factors of production, freedom of choice, and individual incentives. • The goal is to create a free market • In a free market, or free enterprise, government places no limits on the freedom of buyers and sellers to make their economic decisions