Biology of Cells

1. Biology of Cells By Scott Hillas

2. There are two different types of cells, one is Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic. What makes up a ‘Cell’

3. Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus, a membrane outlined house that holds the eukaryotic cell’s DNA. • Eukaryotic organisms also have specialized structures called organelles. Eukaryotic cells, what’s in it?

4. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms and are the most primitive forms of life on earth. • Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaeans. •  Prokaryotic cells are not as complex as eukaryoticcells. • They have no nucleus, the DNA is coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. Prokaryoticcells, what’s in it?

5. An organelle is a little organ. ‘elle’ means little. Its an organ inside a cell, it preforms dedicated specific task. The first organelle was the Nucleus. What are Organelles?

6. Function: Use sunlight to create food by photosynthesis. • Chloroplasts • A plastid usually found in plant cells • Contain green chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place Ribosomes - Each cell contains thousands - Miniature 'protein factories' - Composes 25% of cell's mass - Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum - Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm Function: Make protein What do Organelles do?

7. Mitochondria Second largest organelle with unique genetic structure- Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae- Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae- Controls level of water and other materials in cell- Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and forms urea Function: Make energy out of food Endoplasmic reticulum - Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane- Goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane- Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system- Smooth type: lacks ribosomes- Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface Function: Called the "intracellular highway" because it is for transporting all sorts of items around the cell. Cell wall Commonly found in plant cells- Controls turgity- Extracellular structure surrounding plasma membrane- Primary cell wall: extremely elastic- Secondary cell wall: forms around primary cell wall after growth is complete Function: For support

8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/genetics_cell.html http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Life/cell_organelles.html http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/ss/prokaryotes.htm Bibliography