1 / 27

EUROPE II

EUROPE II. Review Questions? Europe Industrial location Cities Supranationalism. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ‘ industrial intensification’. Developed 1 st in the UK between 1750-1850 Evolved from technical innovations that occurred in British industry

brina
Download Presentation

EUROPE II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. EUROPE II • Review • Questions? • Europe • Industrial location • Cities • Supranationalism

  2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION‘industrial intensification’ • Developed 1st in the UK between 1750-1850 • Evolved from technical innovations that occurred in British industry • Proved to be a major catalyst for increased urbanization • Diffuses outward into Western Europe

  3. Heavy Industy: Iron, coal, heavy industry 4 motorsBarcelona, Lyon, Milan, Stuttgart

  4. INDUSTRIAL LOCATION THEORY • Alfred Weber 1909. • Industrial location theory • Focused on transportation costs • Identified agglomerative and deglomerative forces • Relevant to early iron and steel: heavy industries

  5. SPATIAL INTERACTION What unifies Europe? • Movementacross geographic space • Involves flows of goods, people or information • Principles • COMPLEMENTARITY • TRANSFERABILITY • INTERVENING OPPORTUNITY

  6. Germany Italy COMPLEMENTARITY • Two places, through an exchange of goods, can specifically satisfy each other’s demands. • One area has a surplusof an item demandedby a second area.

  7. COMPLEMENTARITY

  8. TRANSFERABILITY • The ease with which a commodity may be transported or the capacity to move a good at a bearable cost • Value of good per unit volume or weight • Rivers, mountain passes, road networks may limit transferability • Advances in transportation technology

  9. INTERVENING OPPORTUNITY • The presence of a nearer source of supply or opportunity that acts to diminish the attractiveness of more distant sources and sites Would Austrian beer be cheaper to import into Italy?

  10. URBAN TRADITION • URBANIZATION • RELATED CONCEPTS • Central city • Metropolitan region • Federation • Functional urban region

  11. POPULATION DENSITY EUROPE Population Density: 265.2 persons per square mile Urbanization: 73%

  12. CITIES • The term may be a political designation for a uniform region • Refers to an incorporated municipal entity that is governed by some kind of council • Megacity • Core district in a larger metropolitan region • CBD may also be called “The City” • E.g. “City of London” – mile square walled city

  13. Metropolitan Region Central City Outer suburban municipalities Functional region

  14. Metropolitan Region • Greater London Authority • 32 boroughs • 20 = City of London • 19 = Westminster • 21 = Tower Hamlets Metropolitan federation

  15. European versus North American Cities • Contrasts • High population density • Apartments or ‘flats’ • Public transportation • Land scarcity • Centralized urban planning Alicante, Spain

  16. Population of Europe • Falling share of the world’s population • Fertility at an all-time low • Population Growth Rate: 0% • Birth Rate: 10 births/1,000 • Death Rate: 11 deaths/1,000 • TFR: 1.4, Spain is 1.3 • Population implosion • Aging • Fewer young people • Smaller working age population

  17. Population of Europe • Migration: • In and Out • Emigration • Immigration • Asylum seekers • Guest workers/excolonial immigrants • France – Algeria • Spain – Morocco • Netherlands – Indonesia • Germany - Turkey • Britain – Caribbean/West Africa/ South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan)

  18. WHAT DOES THE • FUTURE HOLD • FOR EUROPE? • UNIFICATION? • INSTABILITY? Maastricht, City Hall

  19. Supranationalism • A venture involving three or more states • Political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives “Euro” €1 Jan 2002

  20. European Supranationalism • 1944 • Benelux Agreement • Netherlands • Belgium • Luxembourg • Why would anyone want to give away international autonomy, one of the most sought after goals in this century?

  21. 1947 – MARSHALL PLAN 1948 - Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) 1949 - Council of Europe 1951 - ECSC 1957 - Treaty of Rome (‘the six’) 1958 - EEC effective 1959 - EFTA signed 1965 - EEC-ESC-EURATOM 1973 – EEC 1993 - EU History of European Supranationlism

  22. History of European Supranationlism • Primary function of the OEEC • To accept and distribute funds allocated under the Marshall Plan Developed by the U.S. to assist the rebuilding of European countries at the end of WW II

  23. European Union (EU) • Original Members: (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK • Effective: 1 November 1993 • Aimed to coordinate policy among the members in three fields: -- economics -- defense -- justice and home affairs

  24. EU Members • Non-members • Prospective members • Unwilling members European Supranationalism

  25. Supranationalism Issues • Loss of autonomy • Disparities in levels of economic development & transfer payments • Technical barriers • Cultural barriers • Agricultural policy

  26. European Regions • Western Europe • The British Isles • Nordic Europe • Mediterranean Europe • Eastern Europe

More Related