Jamestown, 1607 1 st Permanent British settlement In North America

1. Jamestown, 1607 1st Permanent British settlement In North America

7. James I: 1603-1625 Elizabeth I: 1558-1603

8. Captain John Smith, “Those who do not work do not eat”

9. 1609-1610: Starving Time in Jamestown

10. John Rolfe

11. Pocahontas

12. Three B’s: Babes, Blacks, & Burgesses 1619, Jamestown

13. Headright System Indentured Servitude

14. Stuart Kings 1603-1689 James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649)..beheaded, 1649 English Civil War 1642-1660 Royalists (Cavaliers) vs Cromwell (Roundheads) Parliamentarians Interregnum 1649-1660 Charles II (Stuart) rules 1660-1685 James II (Ch’s brother) 1685-1689

15. Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676

16. Bacon’s Rebellion…….key points • 1676 • Piedmont, Tidewater • Governor Berkley, Indian furs • Burns capital, Jamestown • Williamsburg new capital • Bacon sick, dies • Rebellion fails, 23 executed • Indentured diminish • Slavery increases

17. Africans in North America, 1619-1750 1619…………20 1670……….2000 of 35,000 (6%) 1750……….20% of North America 50% of Virginia 68% of South Carolina Middle Passage 20% death rate 1670…Barbados Slave Code 70% of American caucasians have African heritage 1739…..Stono Rebellion, 50 SC slaves executed

19. Southern Lifestyle • Stratified- Aristocrats, yeoman farmer, landless whites, indentureds, Black slaves • FFV- Fitzhughs, Lees, Washington • Soil butchery create westward movement • Anglican church est. (1 in 15 were communicants) • Est. of community difficult- plantations, rivers, schools, church, roads, cemetary • Wm & Mary, 1693………… Harvard, 1636 • Low life expectancy

20. Development of Maryland, 1634 • Calvert, Lord Baltimore est Catholic haven • Tobacco economy, indentured servants, • Cath planters- Protestant backwoodsmen • Toleration Act (1649)- (English Civil War) • By 1692 Anglican Church est. • Cap moved from St Mary’s (Cath) to Annapolis (Protestant) • Marylanders more crude than Virginians

21. Est by 8 friends of Charles II Charles Town- largest city in South Rice, Indigo- very labor intensive…malaria North Carolina- more democratic, independent Naval Stores- tar, turpentine……”Tarheels”

22. Settlement of Georgia, 1733 James Oglethorpe, founder- devoutly religious Debtor colony and buffer……..early slavery illegal Disease, attacks by Indians and Spanish hamper growth

23. Settlement of New England 1620-1775

24. Puritan Background • 1517 Luther posts 95 Theses • 1536 Church of England established by Henry VIII • 1603….James I requires all to attend Anglican Church • Puritans wish to “de-Catholicize” the Church while Separatists worship only with other “visible saints” • Separatists flee to Netherlands in 1607 • 1620….. Mayflower lands in Plymouth…. • 101 passengers (30 separatists) • Mayflower Compact……41 sign…..democracy, majority

26. Puritan Beliefs- • based on John Calvin (Puritans, Reformed, Presbyterian, Hugenots) • Doctrine of Election (predestination) • Sought signs of one’s election • “visible saints”= church members who give a public testimony & are voted in • a calling- God’s roadmap for your life • Covenant- lifelong agreement with God • Congregational Church- elected clergy………..all visible saints, male, property owners

27. Early Years in Plymouth • 1620- Mayflower Compact • 44 of 101 survive first Winter • Squanto (Patuxet) teaches Pilgrims, 10 years earlier captured and enslaved. Returns to only Wampanoags . 1617-1619 Massachusetts Bay Indian population diminishes by 90% due to smallpox • William Bradford (Governor elected 30 times) wrote • Squanto was a "special instrument sent by God • for their good beyond their expectations."

28. Early Massachusetts • 1630-40 Great Puritan Migration • 20,000 to NE (majority went to W Indies) • 1634- bicameral legislature established • By 1641 55% of males voted (30% in England) • Boston=port city…..fishing, shipbuilding, fur trading, small farms- frugal and self-sufficient • John Winthrop makes “City Upon a Hill” Speech

29. John Winthrop’s famous “City Upon a Hill” Speech Aboard the Arabella En route to Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630

30. Puritan Philosophies/ Lifestyles • Family is basis of community- business, school • Highest Life expectancy in world, Grandparents invented • Laws need to enforce God’s law- branding, stocks • Community=minded…not good to live alone, god punishes communities, not individuals • Drunkeness is a sin, drinking is not • Bright colors ok, dancing is not • HARD, HARD Workers- demonstrate election • Be fruitful and multiply (8 children per family) Bundling • Promoted separation of church and state • Literacy very important Harvard, 1636, 50 fam= Pub Sch. • Children not given youth, given responsibilities • Intolerant of others- especially Quakers

31. Troubles in Paradise • 1631 Roger Williams becomes pastor in Mass. • sep of ch and state (keep church pure) • anabaptist tradition • Religious Toleration (1st Synagogue in Providence) • Indians should be paid for land • manhood suffrage • 1636 banished, founded RI- Rogue’s Island • 1638 Anne Hutchinson banished to RI- dies • antinomianism (against the law) • Gender problem • Split in Mass b/n less devout Boston merchants and country clergy

34. English Civil War 1642-1660: Effects in America • Est. of New England Conf. defend against attacks • From Indians and French • Toleration Act of Maryland (1649) • Restoration of Charles II (1660) led to conquest of • New Netherlands and settlement of Carolinas • Salutary Neglect- ignored the colonies Charles II (Cavaliers) (Anglicans) (Tory Ebbesons) Oliver Cromwell (Roundheads) (Puritans) (Whigs)

35. New England Colonies

36. Connecticut established, 1635 • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (Written Constitution) • Thomas Hooker • Yale, founded 1701

37. Major Changes in New England: Seeds of Unity • 1636-1637 Pequot War, Indian village destroyed Connecticut • 1643 New England Confederation Formed (mutual defense pact) • 1675-1676 King Philip’s War- 7/8 Indians, 6/13 settlers • 90 villages attacked, 100s die • last Indian War in New England, unificater • 1686- Dominion of New England est. Edmund Andros leads • -Andros is very Anglican, capital is in Boston • -NE people hate professional soldiers • -Dominion attempts to enforce Navigation Acts • -1688 Glorious Revolution….Andros tries to escape • 1689- Glorious Revolution…..English Bill of Rights • John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government (1690)

38. Internal Changes transform Puritan New England "No one can serve two masters. Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and Money.” -Matthew 6:24

39. Puritanism loses attraction, membership, and power • 1660s Halfway Covenant emerges • Puritan Church more individualistic, less collective • Frontier creates more privacy, less community • Pastors begin preaching Jeremiads • 1691 Salem Witch Trials Powerful Equation Emerges by 1700….. + = New England Environment Puritan Heritage

40. Yankee Energetic, tough, self-reliant, purposeful, ego and ethnocentric

41. Development of the • Middle Colonies • New York • Delaware • Pennsylvania • New Joysee

42. Development of New York • Settled by Dutch after Henry Hudson’s explorations • in 1609 • 1623-24 Dutch West India Company trades w/ Indians • Peter Minuit trades $24 trinkets for Manhattan Island • NYC= New Amsterdam • New Netherlands, patroonships along river • Slavery flourishes, undemocratic mindset • 1664- Duke of York (Brit) conquers New Amsterdam

44. Pennsylvania • William Penn, haven for Quakers (naturally suspicious of government) • Land purchased from Indians • No state church, toleration • Death penalty minimized • Franchised Protestant, male landowners (had representative assembly)

45. Characteristics of the Middle Colonies • Bread Basket of the Colonies • Broad Rivers……Westward Movement • Abundant forests • Best Harbors- New York, Philadelphia • Most ethnic diversity • More intermediate land holders • Most religiously tolerant, democratic

46. Scots-Irish Settlement

47. British North America: 1700-1754 • Distinctives- • proud of British heritage, but separated • Self-governing, “salutary neglect” • Religious toleration • Economic opportunities (for white males) • Socially fluid (for white males)

48. Economic Distinctives of the Colonies • Most Colonists were farmers • Abundant resources led to emphasis on Commerce • -Navigation Acts (mercantilism) • -Salutary Neglect led to smuggling • -1733 Molasses Act restricted trade • Land Speculation led to quick cash

49. “Triangle Trade” Routes

50. Great Awakening- 1730-1740 Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield