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History of the Continuous Plankton Recorder Database

History of the Continuous Plankton Recorder Database. D. Stevens and P.C. Reid. Introduction. Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey The development of the CPR database Recent and future development. The CPR Survey.

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History of the Continuous Plankton Recorder Database

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  1. History of the Continuous Plankton Recorder Database D. Stevens and P.C. Reid

  2. Introduction • Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey • The development of the CPR database • Recent and future development

  3. The CPR Survey • Monitor the near-surface plankton of the North Atlantic and North Sea on a monthly basis • Year to year changes in abundance • Seasonal cycles of species • Geographical distributions • Effects of fisheries and climate change

  4. CPR routes map 1948-2001

  5. How data are collected • The CPR is a plankton sampling instrument designed to be towed from merchant ships on their normal sailings • Alister Hardy used the first prototype to sample krill in the Antarctic on the Discovery cruises of 1925-27

  6. The CPR

  7. Phytoplankton x450 magnification ~1/8000 of sample Zooplankton traverse (<2mm) x48 magnification ~1/40th of sample How data are analysed • Zooplankton eye count (>2mm) removed and counted

  8. How data are STORED • Before computers • The first computerised database • Geographical effects • Updated computer languages • Current system

  9. 1970 1980 1990 2000 Before 1969 Before Computers • All calculations had to be carried out by hand • Sample positions • Cutting points • Local time

  10. 1970 1980 1990 2000 Before 1969 Before Computers (2) • Data were stored on paper for each tow • This data would then be transposed onto cards for each species Sample No Sample No Species name Tow name Tow record Species card

  11. 1970 1980 1990 2000 Before 1969 Before Computers (3) • This task was very time consuming. • The analysis team of more than 12 spent 1/3rd of their time entering data. • Process was in need of speeding up.

  12. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 The first computerised database • Based at Edinburgh Regional Computing Centre (ERCC) • Prior to this Principle Component Analysis had been carried out using a DEUCE electronic computer • Data processed using a KDF 9 (32Kb)

  13. KDF 9 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 Operator's Console Tape Drives Card Reader Pictures from www.cs.bham.ac.uk/.../history/ photogallery/pages/1968-3.htm

  14. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 The first computerised database • Based at Edinburgh Regional Computing Centre (ERCC) • Prior to this Principle Component Analysis had been carried out using a DEUCE electronic computer • Data processed using a KDF 9 (32Kb) • ALGOrithmic Language (ALGOL)

  15. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 External Changes • ALGOL no longer supported by the ERCC • Programs transfer to IMP and Fortran (IV)G

  16. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 Relocation • Move to Plymouth, UK • PDP 11 (16-bit) • Programs rewritten into BASIC Image from: www.montagar.com/dfwcug/VMS_HTML/timeline/16-bit.htm

  17. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 PDP11 Source: http://www.telnet.hu/hamster/pdp-11/

  18. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 Hardware changes • CPR database was moved to a GEC 41/90

  19. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982

  20. 1970 1980 1990 2000 Disc Drive (70Mb) Tape Reader 1969 1971 1977 1982

  21. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 Further Changes Out with the old...

  22. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 ..in with the new IBM 93/70

  23. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1991 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 Rapid Changes • The database moved home again to RS 6000 • This home was short lived due to problems networking the RS 6000 • Now all data processing was programmed in Fortran 77

  24. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1992 Development using Fortran • The database was stored on a Solaris 2.4 • Processing was carried out using an IBM PC

  25. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1993 ORACLE • First relational database contain CPR data • Due to cost of maintaining ORACLE system was dropped

  26. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 ACCESS - Current system • Relational database developed in ACCESS • User friendly interface

  27. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 ACCESS - Current system

  28. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995

  29. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 2001 Further development • Sample processing transferred to Microsoft Access

  30. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 2001 Consistency • Strategy to ensure all systems are stored on current media. • Some programs can be lost because the media on which that have been stored has become obsolete • Ensure same algorithms are applied to data

  31. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 2001 Quality Control • Computers are not always a good thing. • Basic QC programme used to check data and advice given. • Analysis sheets are checked by experienced analysts.

  32. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 2001 Data Policy • SAHFOS operates an open access data policy • Data requests made to the Data Manager. • Policy statement available on the web site • www.sahfos.org

  33. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 2001 CPR Plankton Atlas 1973 2001

  34. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 2001 DATA AVAILABLE • The CPR database contains information for • 185902 samples (1946-2001) • 4.7 million miles towed • 2198052 positive plankton entries. • 90906078 plankton entries • CPR bibliography contains • 775 references. • http://www.sahfos.org/bibliography.htm

  35. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 2001 Web Development http://www.sahfos.org/standard_areas.htm

  36. 1970 1980 1990 2000 1969 1971 1977 1982 1989 1991-93 1995 Future Future development • Web based development • increase ease of access to the database • Expansion to include further environmental variables. • Plankton Atlas available on CD or the Web • CPR Browser available on CD

  37. History of the Continuous Plankton Recorder Database D. Stevens and P.C. Reid

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