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Introduction: Reading Russian film

Introduction: Reading Russian film . Issues, Historical context. Two types of discontinuity. Technical innovation: sound, colour, hand-held camera (steadycam) Social and political breaks in evolution. Issues: function, organization, sociology.

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Introduction: Reading Russian film

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  1. Introduction:Reading Russian film Issues, Historical context

  2. Two types of discontinuity • Technical innovation: sound, colour, hand-held camera (steadycam) • Social and political breaks in evolution

  3. Issues: function, organization, sociology

  4. Issues: “Elite” intellectual strain vs. popular film

  5. Issues: Political role of film as form of dissent • Victor Tsoy: “Change” • Film: Assa • Dir. Sergei Solov’ov (1987).

  6. Issues: Narrative vs non-narrative structure The Russian Ark Dir. Aleksandr Sokurov (2002)

  7. Issues Relationship of film to other genres: theatre, literature, visual arts, TV TV Series Liquidation (2007)

  8. The Historical Perspective

  9. Tsarist Russia: 1896 – 1918Nicholas II and Family

  10. Capitalist, commercial cinema • Entertainment predominated. Star system. • Melodramas, national sagas. • Private distributors and cinemas

  11. Vera Kholodnaia (1893-1919)

  12. Ivan Mozzhukhin (1889-1939)

  13. October 1917 • Bolsheviks (Communists) seize power • Vladimir Lenin takes control of the new Soviet Russia

  14. 1918 – 1928 Early Experimental Soviet Cinema • Cinema nationalized. • “Avantgarde” political cinema: Pudovkin, Eisenstein, Dziga Vertov, Dovzhenko.

  15. But…. Audiences prefer Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford…

  16. A Canadian girl … in Moscow!

  17. Mary Pickford’s Kiss… 1927 Canadian-born star Mary Pickford shoots cameo scene with Douglas Fairbanks in Moscow for Russian film starring Igor Ilinsky.

  18. 1928–1953 Stalinism – War – Cold War • Joseph Stalin seizes control of Soviet Union • Industrialization, collectivization, militarization • Preparations for the coming war with Germany

  19. Film under Stalin 1928–1953 • Sound movies and musicals. • Tight political control, • 1935 - Union of film-makers. • Socialist realism. • Film as propaganda. • “Trophy” films seized in Germany.

  20. The Circus (1936)Dir. Grigory Aleksandrov Soviets learn from Hollywood… • Most famous Soviet musical • Starring Liubov Orlova • Anti-racist message

  21. “Trophy” films Marika Rökk The Girl of My Dreams (1944)

  22. Life after Stalin: Khrushchev and Brezhnev

  23. Post-Stalin Film 1953-1984 • Golden age of Soviet Cinema. • Influence of French and Italian cinema. • Mass production of high quality popular films: Georgy Danelia, Eldar Ryazanov. • “Elite” films with deeper intellectual content: Sergei Paradzhanov, Andrei Tarkovsky.

  24. Autumn Marathonby Georgy Danelia (1979)

  25. Mikhail Gorbachev1985-1991 • Perestroika brings radical change to the USSR • Opening up of country, end of Cold War • Party controls abolished

  26. Perestroika 1985 - 1991 • Competition from video and TV (Porno, Rambo, Mexican and Brazilian soaps). • Distribution of banned films. • “Black Film” (“Chernukha”) • Collapse of film industry. • Breakdown of Soviet system.

  27. Outof the archives TheCommissar dir. Aleksandr Askoldov (film shot in 1967, released 20 years later)

  28. The Needledir. Rashid Nugmanov (1988) • Chernukha (“black” film) • Shows Soviet reality with the lid off.

  29. Boris Eltsin (1990-1999 and… Vladimir Putin (1999-2008)

  30. Post-Soviet Russia 1991 • Capitalist film industry • Flood of American films in cinemas and video • Struggle to maintain Russian film industry • Alternative films and TV series.

  31. The Barber of Siberiadir. Nikita Mikhalkov (1999)

  32. Brotherdir. Aleksei Balabanov (1997)

  33. The Night Watch (Nochnoy dozor)dir. Timur Bekmambetov (2004) “All that stands between light and darkness is the Night Watch.”

  34. The Mongoldir. Sergei Bodrov the Elder (2007)

  35. A Slave of Love (1976)Dir. Nikita Mikhalkov Clips: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCXScj6QLK0&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfBThP4ZN8U&feature=related Entire film in Russian: http://zafilm.ru/smotret_online/5368_raba_lyubvi.html

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