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Classification

Classification. Some Words To Know. Taxonomy science of naming, describing, classifying organisms Classification ordering organisms into groups based on their similarities or relationships Taxon formal grouping of organisms at any level. History of Classification. Aristotle.

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Some Words To Know Taxonomy science of naming, describing, classifying organisms Classification ordering organisms into groups based on their similarities or relationships Taxon formal grouping of organisms at any level

  3. History of Classification Aristotle Greek philosopher (384 – 322 BC) Divided organisms into 2 groups Plants and animals Divided animals into blood and bloodless Also divided animals according to movement walk, fly, swim

  4. Using Aristotle’s system based on movement, name 2 organisms that would fit each of the 3 categories WALKING (land) FLYING (air) SWIMMING (water) What are some problems with this system of classification?

  5. History of Classification Carolus Linnaeus Father of taxonomy Swedish scientist of the 18th century Classified plants and animals according to similarities in form Divided living things in 2 kingdoms plant and animal Divided each kingdom into genera (genus) Divided each genera into species

  6. Binomial Nomenclature“two name” “system of naming” Organisms are given 2 names Genus and species Genus is capitalized, species is not Written in italics or underlined Dog is a common name but its scientific name is : Canis familaris

  7. Principal Categories of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species King Phyl Came Over For Good Spaghetti

  8. How Do They Classify Organisms Compare internal and external structures Geographical distribution Chemical makeup Evolutionary relationship

  9. Classification of Animals Body symmetry: arrangement of body structure Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry Asymmetrical

  10. Body cavity 3 embryonic tissue layers called germ layers Ectoderm: outer layer, forms outer covering of body and nervous system Endoderm: inner layer, forms lining of digestive tube/organs Mesoderm: middle layer: forms internal organs, muscles, bones and circulatory system

  11. Acoelomates • Triploblastic (3 germ layers) • Solid body • No body cavity except digestive cavity • EX: flatworm

  12. Psuedocoelomates • “false coelom” • Tube within a tube body plan • Body cavity is not completely lined with mesoderm • Ex: Ascaris

  13. Coelomates • Complex animals • Body cavity lined with mesoderm • True coelom • From 2 main lines: • Protostomes: mollusks, annelids, arthropods • Deuterostomes: echinoderms (sea stars) and chordates

  14. Kingdoms • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  15. Kingdom: Eubacteria • Prokaryotes • Lack nuclei • Unicellular • Most are decomposers • Some are parasitic

  16. Kingdom: Archaebacteria • Prokaryotes • Unicellular • Examples • Methanogens: anaerobes that inhabit sewage, swamps, GI tract • Halophiles: inhabit salty environments • Thermophiles: inhabit hot and acidic environments

  17. Kingdom: Protista • Eukaryotes • Mainly unicellular or simple multicellular • Examples • Protozoa • Important zooplankton • Important in food web • Algae • Important producers • Produces oxygen • Slime molds/ water molds

  18. Protozoa

  19. Algae

  20. Slime molds/ water molds

  21. Kingdom: Fungi • Eukaryotes • Decomposers • Saprophytes ( feed on dead matter)

  22. Kingdom: Plantae • Eukaryotes • Multicellular • Photosynthetic • Primary producers

  23. Kingdom: Animalia • Eukaryotes • Multicellular • Hetertrophic • Consumers • Herbivores • Carnivores • Detritus feeders

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