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Excretory System

Excretory System. Urinary system. Structures of the Urinary System. 2 kidneys – produce urine, filter blood 180 L of blood per 24 hours filtered 2 ureters – tube that leads to the bladder Bladder – stores urine Urethra – tube for eliminating urine. Kidney Function.

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Excretory System

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  1. Excretory System Urinary system

  2. Structures of the Urinary System • 2 kidneys – produce urine, filter blood • 180 L of blood per 24 hours filtered • 2 ureters – tube that leads to the bladder • Bladder – stores urine • Urethra – tube for eliminating urine

  3. Kidney Function • A. filter blood that has collected wastes from cells. • B. Excrete waste – urea, uric acid, creatine, ammonium • C. Maintain blood volume – regulating water excretion • D. Monitor electrolytes in blood • E. Monitor blood pH • F. Secrete Renin – enzyme to help maintain blood pressure • G. Stimulates red blood cell production

  4. Structure of Kidney • Renal cortex – outer layer, filtration • Renal medulla – middle layer, filtration, absorption • Renal pelvis – urine collection and transport • Renal artery - • Renal vein -

  5. Urine Analysis Lab: Crystals

  6. Lab: RBC’s in urine Will look red under microscope

  7. WBC’s in urine • Blue pigment

  8. Production of Urine – • Nephron – filtering unit (about 1 million) p. 408. • Rate of filtration: 125 ml/min or 45 gallons each day. • Blood in your whole body gets filtered 20 – 25x per day.

  9. 1. Filtration – filters blood • ·   Caused by pressure difference between glomerulus and bowman’s capsule. • ·  Glomerular filtrate – 180L/day, water, sodium, potassium, chloride, sugar, uric acid, creatine. • ·   No red blood cells or large proteins found • ·  Passive transport

  10. Tubular Reabsorbtion • - Valuable molecules reabsorb in blood • · 178.5 L reabsorbed (glomerular filtrate back into blood) • ·  active and passive transport • o  glucose, water (passive), sodium (active) • o     hormones help reabsorbtion – ADH and aldosterone • o     diuretics affect this process

  11. Tubular Secretion • Small amount of substances (uric acid, ammonium, H ions) move from blood back to nephron

  12. Hormonal Control • Antidiuretic Hormone – (ADH) 1.      Produced by hypothalamus 2.      Stimulates reabsorbtion of water 3.      Hydrated – decrease in production of ADH; increase in urine. 4.      Dehydrated – increase ADH production 5.      Diurectics – inhibit the absorption of water i.e. caffeine, alcohol

  13. Aldosterone • A.      adrenal hormone, maintains sodium and potassium balance. Increase blood volume

  14. Renin-Angiotensin System • Regulates the body’s sodium and water levels for blood pressure. • Steps of System: • 1. Glomerular cells secrete renin into blood • 2. Angiotensinogen (inactive in blood plasma), • 3. In the liver coverts Angiotensinogen to hormone Angiotensin II • 4. Constricts blood vessels • 5. Also, causes Aldosterone to be secreated to help retain water and decrease renin production.

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