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Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Hypothalamus and Pituitary. Hypothalamus and Pituitary. Hypothalamus: Part of the brain, below the thalamus Produces neurohormones , which travel along length of neurons, then through blood to the pituitary Pituitary: Located below brain Controls other glands

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Hypothalamus and Pituitary

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  1. Hypothalamus and Pituitary

  2. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Hypothalamus: Part of the brain, below the thalamus Produces neurohormones, which travel along length of neurons, then through blood to the pituitary Pituitary: Located below brain Controls other glands Two lobes (anterior and posterior)

  3. Thyroid hormones

  4. Thyroid Gland • Located in front of the throat • Shaped like a bow tie, or butterfly • Secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

  5. Thyroid Hormones Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Can you spot the difference? Where do you get your iodine?

  6. TRH Thyroid hormone feedback loop • TRH released by hypothalamus, stimules release of TSH in pituitary • TSH stimulates thyroid, inhibits release of TRH • Thyroxine (T4) from thyroid inhibits release of TSH TSH T4 What happens if you don’t get enough iodine?

  7. TRH Iodine deficient goiter • TRH released by hypothalamus, stimules release of TSH in pituitary • TSH stimulates thyroid, inhibits release of TRH • Thyroxine (T4) from thyroid inhibits release of TSH • Lack of iodine prevents T4 formation, loss of negative feedback on TSH • TSH continues to stimulate thyroid TSH T4

  8. Iodine Deficient Goiter

  9. Calcitonin • Thyroid gland also produces calcitonin, which is involved in calcium balance • Calcitonin is released in response to rising blood Ca2+ levels

  10. Parathyroid Hormones

  11. Parathyroid Glands • 4 small glands on posterior side of thyroid gland • Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) • Involved in calcium balance • Released in response to low blood Ca2+ levels

  12. Pineal Gland

  13. Pineal Gland • Regulates several biological rhythms • Secretes melatonin • When eyes see light, melatonin secretion is inhibited

  14. LED Screens and Melatonin • What affect do you think LED screens on phones and tablets have on melatonin levels in the brain?

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