Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Complex

1. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Complex Anterior Pituitary and Posterior Pituitary

2. Hypothalamus • Located in the frontal area of the brain, under the thalamus • Inhibits and releases hormones • Secrets tropic hormones to affect the anterior and posterior pituitary Hypothalamus

3. As you can see, the hypothalamus is located under the thalamus.

4. EXTRA FACTS: The hypothalamus the size of a pea Connected to both endocrine and nervous system Vital for homeostasis

5. Involved in.. Autonomic Function Control Endocrine Function Control Homeostasis Motor Function Control Food and Water Intake Regulation Sleep-wake cycle Hypothalamus is a control freak?!

6. Pituitary Glands

7. Infundibulum

8. Pituitary Glands were once thought as “master glands” because scientist thought that it produces the main hormones that are required for humans independently. After, the scientists found out the Hypothalamus control the pituitary glands and proceed to research their relationship.

9. Posterior Pituitary Part of the nervous system Made up of vascular networks and neural pathways Constructed of neural cells Doesn’t produce hormones Stores and releases ADH and Oxytocin Delivers hormones through neurons Anterior Pituitary • Hormone synthesizing gland • Made up of endocrine cells • Regulates physiological process • Transports hormones through blood stream • Delivers hormones through blood How do Anterior and Posterior Pituitary differ?

10. Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex

11. Hypothalamus-Anterior Pituitary Complex Neurosecretory cells produce hormones Hormones go through the Infundibulum Released into the primary plexus Transported through the portal system Released into the Secondary plexus Diffuse into the anterior pituitary Initiate hormone production

12. TSH Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (Tyroid) • ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone (Adrenal Cortex) • PRL Prolactin (Mammary glands) • hGH Human Growth Hormone (Bones, tissues) • FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone (Ovaries, testes) • LS Luteinizing Hormone (Ovaries, testes) What does anterior pituitary produce?

13. Hypothalamus-Posterior Pituitary Complex Neurosecetory cells produce ADH and oxytocin Transported into axon Hormones packaged into vesicles Stored in axon terminal Action Potential Gradient Hormones released from axon terminal Diffuse into posterior pituitary Releases hormones

14. Oxytocin (Smooth muscle in uterus and mammary glands) • Antidiuretic hormones (Kidney tubules)

15. Hypothalamus releases releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary gland transported through blood to stimulate the release of hormones. How do they relate? Hypothalamus produces Oxytocin and ADT and stores it in posterior pituitary gland, where it gets released into the capillary network

16. Let’s play musical chairs!!

18. Hypothalamus is connected to pituitary glands because the hypothalamus regulates hormones which the pituitary glands produces or secrets.” Final Note

19. Bailey, Regina. Hypothalamus. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 July 2013. <http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/p/Hypothalamus.htm>. Carter-Edwards, Trent, Susanne Gerards, Keith Gibbons, Susan McCallum, and Robert Noble. Biology 12. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2011. 365-97. Print. The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 July 2013. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/anatomy-and-physiology/the-endocrine-system/the-hypothalamus-and-pituitary-glands>. What Is the Difference Between the Anterior and Posterior Pituitary?. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 July 2013. <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-difference-between-the-anterior-and-posterior-pituitary.htm>. Rowen, R A. Functional Anatomy of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland. N.p., 4 Sept. 2001. Web. 23 July 2013. <http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/anatomy.html>. Works Cited