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The New Deal

The New Deal. Alphabet Agencies WPA. By Mr RJ Huggins. Key Quotes: FDR’s Inauguration Speech. This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. I shall ask congress for broad executive power to wage was against the emergency. People lose

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The New Deal

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  1. The New Deal Alphabet Agencies WPA By Mr RJ Huggins

  2. Key Quotes: FDR’s Inauguration Speech This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. I shall ask congress for broad executive power to wage was against the emergency.

  3. People lose their jobs. Even more people Lose their confidence And spend less money Causes of the Depression Demand drops. Fewer goods are sold. The Spiral Of Depression In order to stay in business companies cut wages Companies are forced to cut costs by laying people off People lose their confidence & start saving their money Demand drops even further.

  4. Government Spending $ More Pay = More Taxes Alphabet Agencies More Jobs More Jobs More goods have to be produced More Spending Demand for goods increases Demand for goods increases More goods have to be produced More people with Jobs = more pay $ More Spending Reversing the Spiral of Depression Cycle of Prosperity! Democrats called this Process ‘Pump Priming’

  5. The New Deal: Alphabet Agencies • The Alphabet Agencies were set up to help reverse the ‘Spiral of Depression.’ • The main aim was to pump money back into the economy by giving the unemployed jobs. • Not everyone within the Democratic Party agreed exactly how this should be done.

  6. AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Act • Reduced and controlled farm production, causing prices to rise. • Paid farmers to produce less. • Between 1932-1939 the income of farmers more than doubled. • Many criticised the Act saying it was unjustified government interference.

  7. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • Set up to provide work for unemployed 18-25 year old men. • Stayed in camps whilst planting trees, cutting fire breaks in forests and other conservation tasks. • Over 9 years 2 million young men benefitted from this work. • Critics compared the CCC to the Hitler Youth Movement.

  8. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) • Provided emergency cash relief for the poor. • Gave help to poor relief schemes set up by individual states. • Gave $500 million for this purpose. • Critics said it was wrong as the money was given not lent.

  9. National Recovery Administration (NRA) • Encouraged companies to provide good conditions for their workers and recognise trade unions. • Companies asked to sign NRA codes that fixed fair prices and minimum wages. • Companies received a Blue Eagle badge to help sell their products. • Many employers, however, were totally against trade unions and refused to sign the codes. • Some critics also suggested that some industries used the NRA to push up prices.

  10. Built 800,000 km of roads. Built 40,000 schools Built 500 airports & rebuilt 500 more. Built 150,000 public toilets. Paid people to sweep up leaves in the parks. Paid unemployed actors to give free shows. Hired 100 people to scare pigeons away with balloons from public buildings in Washington DC. Boondoggling Civil Works Administration (CWA) and Public Works Administration (PWA)

  11. Harry Hopkins Harold Ickes How do you put the USA back to work? V

  12. Harry Hopkins Work Relief preserves a man’s morale. It saves his skill. It gives him a chance to do something socially useful Set up two key Alphabet Agencies: CWA & WPA which aimed to help the unskilled unemployed. Criticised for wasting taxpayers money on‘boondoggles.’

  13. What about the unskilled unemployed? In response to being accused of ‘boondoggling’, when he gave unemployed librarians jobs cataloguing historical documents, Hopkins replied: ‘Hell, they’ve got to eat just like other people.’ In 1934, the CWA was shut down because it was wasting money

  14. What about the unskilled unemployed? • In 1935, after a terrible winter FDR decided to help the unskilled unemployed by setting up WPA with Harry Hopkins in charge. • The PWA continued working until 1939.

  15. Harold Ickes ‘My PWA will will give work to the unemployed by creating things of lasting use to the nation.’ • Set up the PWA which gave jobs to the skilled unemployed. • Was very careful how he spent taxpayer’s money.

  16. Built 70% of USA Schools. Built 35% of USA Hospitals. Built for river dams. Electrified the New York Washington railway. Built 50 military airports. Built two aircraft carriers. Built four cruisers & destroyers for the US Navy. Built a new sewage system in Chicago. PWA = Public Works Administration PWA only provided jobs for the skilled unemployed!

  17. Built 11,000 schools. Built 70,000 km of roads. La Guardia airport in New York. Employed photographers to make a record of the Depression. Employed 12,000 Actors to put on plays and concerts to cheer people up! Employed artists and painters to make paintings for display in schools and public buildings. Gave work to 2 million people a year. WPA = Works Progress Administration ‘Boondoggles?’

  18. Government Spending $ More Pay = More Taxes Alphabet Agencies More Jobs More Jobs More goods have to be produced More Spending Demand for goods increases Demand for goods increases More goods have to be produced More people with Jobs = more pay $ More Spending Recap: Reversing the Spiral of Depression Democrats called this Process ‘Pump Priming’ Cycle of Prosperity!

  19. In order to get a a grade ‘C’ upwards in exams, you must learn and use thekey words & facts. These concepts will be awarded as key‘knowledge.’ Spiral of Depression Pump Priming Unskilled & Skilled workers ‘Boondoggling’ CWA, WPA & PWA Alphabet Agencies Summary Key Words

  20. Exam Question 1 • How useful is this source for explaining how the New Deal put America back to work?

  21. Mark Scheme

  22. PWA = Public Works Administration. ‘Alphabet Agency’ designed to reverse the ‘Spiral of Depression’ and kick start demand Jobs created for skilled construction workers: E.g. Builders & Plumbers deducted from poster No mention of WPA which was set up to create jobs for the unskilled workers such as actors & photographers. Photograph taken by a WPA photographer. Level 4 = an answer which includes one from each column. Level 3 For Against

  23. Exam Question 2 • How successful was the New deal at putting USA back to work? Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.

  24. Mark Scheme

  25. FDR =Roosevelttaking ‘Action’to end theDepression. FDR isPouring tax payers money to reverse the ‘Spiral of Depression.’ = ‘Pump Priming.’ New Deal wasting money 16 billion spent on ‘boondoggles’ jobs created by alphabet agencies such as CWA & WPA. E.G. Scaring pigeons with balloons Level 4 = an answer which includes one from each column. Level 3 For Against

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