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Chapter 12. Strategic Leadership. Michael A. Hitt R. Duane Ireland Robert E. Hoskisson. ©1999 South-Western College Publishing. Inputs. Strategic. Strategic. Outcomes. Competitiveness. Chapter 2. The Strategic Management Process. External. Environment. Strategic Intent.
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Chapter 12 Strategic Leadership Michael A. Hitt R. Duane Ireland Robert E. Hoskisson ©1999 South-Western College Publishing
Inputs Strategic Strategic Outcomes Competitiveness Chapter 2 The Strategic Management Process External Environment Strategic Intent Strategic Mission Chapter 3 Internal Environment Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Business-Level Competitive Corporate-Level Corporate Structure Strategy Dynamics Strategy Governance & Control Actions Strategic Chapter 8 Chapter 7 Chapter 9 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Entrepreneurship & Innovation International Acquisitions & Cooperative Strategic Strategy Restructuring Strategies Leadership Strategic Competitiveness Above Average Feedback Returns
Strategic Leadership Strategic Leadership involves: The ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility and empower others to create strategic change Multi-functional work that involves working through others Consideration of the entire enterprise rather than just a subunit Requires a Managerial frame of reference
Effective Strategic Leadership shapes the development of Strategic Intent Strategic Mission and influence Successful Strategic Actions Formulation of Strategies Implementation of Strategies
External Environment Factors which affect... Industry Structure Rate of market growth # and type of competitors Managerial Discretion Political/Legal constraints Organizational Characteristics Product differentiation Size and age Culture Resource availability Characteristics of the Manager Employee interaction Tolerance for ambiguity Commitment to the firm Interpersonal skills Aspiration level Self-confidence
Top Management Teams Top management teams are comprised of the key managers who are responsible for formulating and implementing the organization’s strategies A heterogeneous top management team with varied expertise and knowledge can draw on multiple perspectives when evaluating alternative strategies and building consensus A top management team must also be able to function effectively as a team in order to implement strategies. A heterogeneous team makes this more difficult.
Strategic Leadership Chief Executive Officers can gain so much power that they are virtually independent of oversight by the Board of Directors This is especially true when the CEO is also Chairman of the Board of Directors CEOs of long tenure can also wield substantial power The most effective forms of governance share power and influence among the CEO and Board of Directors
Managerial Labor Markets The internal labor market is comprised of the career path alternatives available to a firm’s managers Selecting internal candidates for management positions helps to build on valuable firm-specific knowledge The external labor market includes the collection of career opportunities for managers outside their firm Selecting an outsider often brings fresh insights and may energize the firm with innovative new ideas
Effects of CEO Succession and Top Management Team Composition on Strategy Managerial Labor Market: CEO Succession Internal CEO Succession External CEO Succession Ambiguous: Possible change in Top Management Team and Strategy Stable Strategy Homogeneous Top Management Team Composition Stable Strategy with Innovation Strategic Change Heterogeneous
Exercise of Effective Leadership Effective Strategic Leadership Determining Strategic Direction Developing a long-term vision of the firm’s Strategic Intent
Exercise of Effective Leadership Effective Strategic Leadership Determining Strategic Direction Exploiting & Maintaining Core Competencies Leaders must ensure that the firm’s core competencies are emphasized in strategic implementation efforts
Exercise of Effective Leadership Effective Strategic Leadership Determining Strategic Direction Exploiting & Maintaining Core Competencies Developing Human Capital No strategy can be effective unless the firm is able to develop and retain good people to carry it out
Exercise of Effective Leadership Effective Strategic Leadership Determining Strategic Direction Exploiting & Maintaining Core Competencies Developing Human Capital Sustaining an Effective Organizational Culture Leaders play a critical role in shaping and reinforcing the firm’s culture
Changing Culture and Reengineering The benefits of Business Reengineering are maximized when employees believe that: Every job in the company is essential and important All employees must create value through their work Constant learning is a vital part of every person’s job Teamwork is essential to implementation success Problems are solved only when teams accept the responsibility for the solution
Exercise of Effective Leadership Effective Strategic Leadership Determining Strategic Direction Exploiting & Maintaining Core Competencies Developing Human Capital Sustaining an Effective Organizational Culture Leaders set the tone for creating an environment of mutual respect, honesty and ethical practices among employees Emphasizing Ethical Practices
Exercise of Effective Leadership Effective Strategic Leadership Determining Strategic Direction Exploiting & Maintaining Core Competencies Developing Human Capital Controls set the parameters for strategic implementation and for taking corrective action Sustaining an Effective Organizational Culture Emphasizing Ethical Practices Establishing Balanced Organizational Controls