CHAPTER 15 Muscles of the Body

1. CHAPTER 15 Muscles of the Body https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-uXNgpcakU

2. Sports & Injury http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QTCBrefXso

3. Structure and Function • The human body has more than 600 muscles • The functions of the muscular system: • Aid in movement • Provide and maintain posture • Protect internal organs • Provide movement of blood, food, and waste products through the body • Open and close body openings • Produce heat

4. skeletal cardiac smooth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJDrR3sZPZU

5. Unique Characteristics of Muscle • Irritability or excitability • Muscle’s ability to respond to a stimulus • Contractility • Ability to shorten forcefully when stimulated • Extensibility • Ability to stretch and lengthen • Elasticity • Ability to recoil to its resting length when relaxed

6. Skeletal Muscle • Makes up more than 40% of a person’s body weight • Looks striated, or banded, under the microscope • Skeletal muscles have three parts: • Originis one end of the muscle, attached to the less movable part of the bone • Insertionis the other end of the muscle, attached to the more movable part of the bone • The action, or body, is the thick middle part of the muscle

7. Figure 15-3 Parts of a Muscle

8. Figure 15-4 Types of Muscle Movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUnzlkZGkvMMUSCULAR SYSTEM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxk5tFiGVSE&NR=1

9. Smooth Muscle/Visceral Muscle Lines various hollow organs Makes up the walls of blood vessels Found in the tubes of the digestive system Smooth and has no striations Controlled by the autonomic nervous system(not under your control)

10. Cardiac Muscle Found only in the heart Striated muscle Under involuntary control Has specialized cells that provide a stimulus for contraction

11. Muscle Contraction Isotonic contraction is muscle shortening that produces movement Muscle tone or tonus is a state of partial contraction that maintains a person’s posture Isometric contraction does not cause muscle shortening or movement A twitch is a quick, jerky contraction of a whole muscle from one stimulus

12. Muscle Contraction (Continued) Tetanic contraction is more sustained than a twitch and is caused by many stimuli in rapid succession (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfeo61e2dz4) Fibrillation is uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAs6SDI7HZw) Convulsions are contractions of groups of muscles in an abnormal manner Spasmsare involuntary, sudden, and prolonged contractions (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkYs2MZzGKk)

13. Assessment Techniques • Joint ROM • Measure using a goniometer • Blood tests • CPK isoenzyme test measures creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the blood. CPK found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles. • Measure lactic acid • Electromyography tests • Tests muscles through needles inserted into the muscle • Muscle biopsy • Used to assess for tissue disorders • Muscular dystrophy, polio, necrotizing disease

14. Disorders • Back pain • From weakened muscles around the spine in the lower back • Contracture • When muscles remain contracted as a joint loses flexibility and ligaments and tendons shorten • When your muscles move less, they shrink and shorten.

15. Disorders of the Muscular System • Muscular dystrophy • A group of genetic diseases • involving painless, gradual atrophy • of muscle tissue

16. Disorders of the Muscular System • Gangrene • Caused by Clostridium bacteria that kill muscle tissue • Poliomyelitis (Polio) • A viral infection that results in paralysis of muscles

17. Disorders of the Muscular System • Hernia • The abnormal protrusion of a body part into another body area

18. Disorders of the Muscular System • Trichinosis • A parasitic infection caused by eating undercooked pork or other meats • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rx5ZKJ0Vozc

19. Issues and Innovations • Sports medicine • Treating sports injuries • Directing healthful development and training of athletes • Biomechanics • Fitness fad • Importance of regular exercise for good health • Exercise obsession

20. Disorders of the Muscular System • Muscle sprain • A traumatic injury to the between two bones in a joint • Most common is an ankle sprain • Ligamentous Pull • Muscle strain • Torn or stretched tendons and muscles, causing pain

21. Pes planus: Called “flatfoot” or “fallen arches,” may be congenital or result from weakened foot muscles Pes Planus: over-pronation High Arches: Supination

22. Muscular/Skeletal Careers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ka4_uxLLh4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=709DlMuPkRg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-3YRWYWm4E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UlHqM5nJek Physical Therapy Occupational Therapy Orthopedic Surgery Athletic Trainer

23. Lab Activity: ROM & Goniometer ROM Goniometer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUF7tpkVAIY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyUDa2-zZLI Infant Reflexes http://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A0S00Mx8VolQkF0Af9T7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBrc3VyamVwBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdmlkBHZ0aWQD?p=how+to+test+reflexes+in+the+body&vid=0654D172D41FA1AC29DC0654D172D41FA1AC29DC&l=2%3A03&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DV.4718108243984472%26pid%3D15.1&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DeCrY0-m5TFU&tit=Test+Reflexes+Upper+Body&c=0&sigr=11a5ckq6d&fr=chr-greentree_ff&tt=b Reflex Hammer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGCtC3PclFU