Animal Behavior

1. 1 Animal Behavior

2. 2 • Behavior – anything an organism does in response to a stimulus in its environment. • Behaviors develop through interactions between genes and environmental inputs. Behavior is ADAPTIVE – adapting allows animals to survive!!!

3. 3 Types of behaviors • Innate Behavior • includes both automatic responses and instinctive behaviors • Learned Behavior • a result of previous experiences

4. 4 Innate Behavior • Reflexes • automatic responses that require no thinking at all.

5. 5 Innate Behavior Instincts • Aggression • To fend off predators and competitors • To protect young and to protect food sources • Submission • Shown by the weaker animal • Courtship • Finding a mate. • Territoriality • Animals that have territories will defend their space

6. 6 Innate Behavior • Instincts 5. behavioral cycles • circadian rhythm – occur in daily patterns • External cues. • Important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals.

7. 7 Innate Behavior Behavioral cycles b) Migration – periodic movement from one place to another - Geographical clues - Earth’s magnetic field. - Can be triggered by hormones Monarch Migration Salmon Migration

8. 8 Innate Behavior Behavioral cycles c) Hibernation – dormancy during winter • Reduce their need for energy • Can be caused by temperature change and day length change

9. 9 Innate Behavior Behavioral cycles also known as "summer sleep" d) Estivation –dormancy during summer. -takes place during times of heat and dryness Snails in S. Australia Desert Tortoise Nile Crocodile

10. 10 Learned Behavior • These behaviors are acquiredor learned over time. • Organisms can alter their behaviors as a result of experience. • Allows animals to adapt.

11. 11 Learned Behavior By ignoring the stimulus, animals can spend their time & energy more efficiently. • Habituation – organism decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms the animal Deer have learned to come into yards to feed with no fear of people or barking dogs. When prairie dog towns are located near trails used by humans, giving alarm calls every time a person walks by is a waste of time and energy for the group.

12. 12 Behaviors that involve both innate and learned behaviors - - • Imprinting • animal returns to the place of its birth to lay its eggs • animal imprints on its mother

13. 13 Imprinting • An animal imprints on its mother

14. 14 Adaptations for Defense • Mechanical defenseis incorporated into the physical structure of the organism. • claws, sharp tusks, stingers, shells, ink, size

15. 15 Mechanical defensecamouflage.

16. cryptic coloration - coloring that conceals or disguises an animal's shape • disruptive coloration- coloration pattern that causes visual disruption…break up an animal's outline Disruptive markings provide protection for a clump of caterpillars

17. 16 • Chemical defenseoccurs when the animal produces stinging sensations, paralysis, neurotoxins, poisoning, or just a bad taste. Monarch on Milkweed Blue Arrow frogs Lion Fish Bombardier beetles

18. Mimicry Mimicry is when an animal or plant resembles another creature or inanimate object, either for defense or to gain other advantages One is poisonous, and one’s not.

19. Behavior • An animal’s response to a stimulus. • Innate behaviors are instinctive, like birds defending their nesting place, and are influenced by genes. • territorial behaviors, organisms defend an area and keep out other organisms. • Learned behaviors are changed by various experiences, such as training a family pet to come when its name is called. Clip